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Difference between revisions of "2024 AMC 12B Problems/Problem 24"

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Since <math>r</math> is a positive integer, <math>r\ge 1</math>. Since <math>a\le b\le c\le 9</math>, <math>\frac{1}{r}\ge \frac{1}{3}</math>, so <math>r\le3</math>. The only possible values for <math>r</math> are 1, 2, and 3.
 
Since <math>r</math> is a positive integer, <math>r\ge 1</math>. Since <math>a\le b\le c\le 9</math>, <math>\frac{1}{r}\ge \frac{1}{3}</math>, so <math>r\le3</math>. The only possible values for <math>r</math> are 1, 2, and 3.
  
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Case <math>1</math>: <math>r=1</math>
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Case 1: <math>r=1</math>
  
 
For this case, we can't have <math>a\ge 4</math>, since <math>\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}</math> would be too small. When <math>a=3</math>, we must have <math>b=c=3</math>. When <math>a\le2</math>, we would have <math>\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\le\frac{1}{a}</math>, which doesn't work. Hence this case only yields one valid solution <math>(1, 3, 3, 3)</math>
 
For this case, we can't have <math>a\ge 4</math>, since <math>\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}</math> would be too small. When <math>a=3</math>, we must have <math>b=c=3</math>. When <math>a\le2</math>, we would have <math>\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\le\frac{1}{a}</math>, which doesn't work. Hence this case only yields one valid solution <math>(1, 3, 3, 3)</math>
  
−
Case <math>2</math>: <math>r=2</math>
+
Case 2: <math>r=2</math>
  
 
For this case, we can't have <math>a\ge 7</math>, for the same reason as in Case 1. When <math>a=6</math>, we must have <math>b=c=6</math>. When <math>a=5</math>, we must have <math>b=5, c=10</math> or <math>b=10, c=5</math>. Regardless, <math>10</math> appears, so it is not a valid solution. When <math>a\le4</math>, <math>\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\le\frac{1}{a}</math>. Hence, this case also only yields one valid solution <math>(2, 6, 6, 6)</math>
 
For this case, we can't have <math>a\ge 7</math>, for the same reason as in Case 1. When <math>a=6</math>, we must have <math>b=c=6</math>. When <math>a=5</math>, we must have <math>b=5, c=10</math> or <math>b=10, c=5</math>. Regardless, <math>10</math> appears, so it is not a valid solution. When <math>a\le4</math>, <math>\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\le\frac{1}{a}</math>. Hence, this case also only yields one valid solution <math>(2, 6, 6, 6)</math>
  
−
Case <math>3</math>: <math>r=3</math>
+
Case 3: <math>r=3</math>
  
 
The only possible solution is <math>(3, 9, 9, 9)</math>, and clearly it is a valid solution.
 
The only possible solution is <math>(3, 9, 9, 9)</math>, and clearly it is a valid solution.
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~tsun26
 
~tsun26
  
 +
==Video Solution 1 by SpreadTheMathLove==
 +
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4x4EilBvIA8
 
==See also==
 
==See also==
 
{{AMC12 box|year=2024|ab=B|num-b=23|num-a=25}}
 
{{AMC12 box|year=2024|ab=B|num-b=23|num-a=25}}
 
{{MAA Notice}}
 
{{MAA Notice}}

Latest revision as of 01:24, 30 November 2024

Problem 24

What is the number of ordered triples $(a,b,c)$ of positive integers, with $a\le b\le c\le 9$, such that there exists a (non-degenerate) triangle $\triangle ABC$ with an integer inradius for which $a$, $b$, and $c$ are the lengths of the altitudes from $A$ to $\overline{BC}$, $B$ to $\overline{AC}$, and $C$ to $\overline{AB}$, respectively? (Recall that the inradius of a triangle is the radius of the largest possible circle that can be inscribed in the triangle.)

$\textbf{(A) }2\qquad \textbf{(B) }3\qquad \textbf{(C) }4\qquad \textbf{(D) }5\qquad \textbf{(E) }6\qquad$

Solution 1

First we derive the relationship between the inradius of a triangle $r$, and its three altitudes $a, b, c$. Using an area argument, we can get the following well known result \[\left(\frac{AB+BC+AC}{2}\right)r=A\] where $AB, BC, AC$ are the side lengths of $\triangle ABC$, and $A$ is the triangle's area. Substituting $A=\frac{1}{2}\cdot AB\cdot c$ into the above we get \[\frac{r}{c}=\frac{AB}{AB+BC+AC}\] Similarly, we can get \[\frac{r}{b}=\frac{AC}{AB+BC+AC}\] \[\frac{r}{a}=\frac{BC}{AB+BC+AC}\] Hence, \begin{align}\label{e1} \frac{1}{r}=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c} \end{align}

Note that there exists a unique, non-degenerate triangle with altitudes $a, b, c$ if and only if $\frac{1}{a}, \frac{1}{b}, \frac{1}{c}$ are the side lengths of a non-degenerate triangle, i.e., $\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}>\frac{1}{a}$.

With this in mind, it remains to find all positive integer solutions $(r, a, b, c)$ to the above such that $\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}>\frac{1}{a}$, and $a\le b\le c\le 9$. We do this by doing casework on the value of $r$.

Since $r$ is a positive integer, $r\ge 1$. Since $a\le b\le c\le 9$, $\frac{1}{r}\ge \frac{1}{3}$, so $r\le3$. The only possible values for $r$ are 1, 2, and 3.

Case 1: $r=1$

For this case, we can't have $a\ge 4$, since $\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}$ would be too small. When $a=3$, we must have $b=c=3$. When $a\le2$, we would have $\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\le\frac{1}{a}$, which doesn't work. Hence this case only yields one valid solution $(1, 3, 3, 3)$

Case 2: $r=2$

For this case, we can't have $a\ge 7$, for the same reason as in Case 1. When $a=6$, we must have $b=c=6$. When $a=5$, we must have $b=5, c=10$ or $b=10, c=5$. Regardless, $10$ appears, so it is not a valid solution. When $a\le4$, $\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\le\frac{1}{a}$. Hence, this case also only yields one valid solution $(2, 6, 6, 6)$

Case 3: $r=3$

The only possible solution is $(3, 9, 9, 9)$, and clearly it is a valid solution.

Hence the only valid solutions are $(1, 3, 3, 3), (2, 6, 6, 6), (3, 9, 9, 9)$, and our answer is $\fbox{\textbf{(B) }3}$

~tsun26

Video Solution 1 by SpreadTheMathLove

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4x4EilBvIA8

See also

2024 AMC 12B (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
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