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Difference between revisions of "2016 AIME I Problems/Problem 6"

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WLOG assume <math>\triangle ABC</math> is isosceles (with vertex <math>C</math>). Let <math>O</math> be the center of the circumcircle, <math>R</math> the circumradius, and <math>r</math> the inradius. A simple sketch will reveal that <math>\triangle ABC</math> must be obtuse (as an acute triangle will result in <math>LI</math> being greater than <math>DL</math>) and that <math>O</math> and <math>I</math> are collinear. Next, if <math>OI=d</math>, <math>DO+OI=R+d</math> and <math>R+d=DL+LI=5</math>. Euler gives us that <math>d^{2}=R(R-2r)</math>, and in this case, <math>r=LI=2</math>. Thus, <math>d=\sqrt{R^{2}-4R}</math>. Solving for <math>d</math>, we have <math>R+\sqrt{R^{2}-4R}=5</math>, then <math>R^{2}-4R=25-10R+R^{2}</math>, yielding <math>R=\frac{25}{6}</math>. Next, <math>R+d=5</math> so <math>d=\frac{5}{6}</math>. Finally, <math>OC=OI+IC</math> gives us <math>R=d+IC</math>, and <math>IC=\frac{25}{6}-\frac{5}{6}=\frac{10}{3}</math>. Our answer is then <math>\boxed{013}</math>.
 
WLOG assume <math>\triangle ABC</math> is isosceles (with vertex <math>C</math>). Let <math>O</math> be the center of the circumcircle, <math>R</math> the circumradius, and <math>r</math> the inradius. A simple sketch will reveal that <math>\triangle ABC</math> must be obtuse (as an acute triangle will result in <math>LI</math> being greater than <math>DL</math>) and that <math>O</math> and <math>I</math> are collinear. Next, if <math>OI=d</math>, <math>DO+OI=R+d</math> and <math>R+d=DL+LI=5</math>. Euler gives us that <math>d^{2}=R(R-2r)</math>, and in this case, <math>r=LI=2</math>. Thus, <math>d=\sqrt{R^{2}-4R}</math>. Solving for <math>d</math>, we have <math>R+\sqrt{R^{2}-4R}=5</math>, then <math>R^{2}-4R=25-10R+R^{2}</math>, yielding <math>R=\frac{25}{6}</math>. Next, <math>R+d=5</math> so <math>d=\frac{5}{6}</math>. Finally, <math>OC=OI+IC</math> gives us <math>R=d+IC</math>, and <math>IC=\frac{25}{6}-\frac{5}{6}=\frac{10}{3}</math>. Our answer is then <math>\boxed{013}</math>.
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 +
==Solution 4==
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 +
Since <math>\angle{LAD} = \angle{BDC}</math> and <math>\angle{DLA}=\angle{DBC}</math>, <math>\triangle{DLA}\sim\triangle{DBC}</math>. Also, <math>\angle{DAC}=\angle{BLC}</math> and <math>\angle{ACD}=\angle{LCB}</math> so <math>\triangle{DAC}\sim\triangle{BLC}</math>. Now we can call <math>AC</math>, <math>b</math> and <math>BC</math>, <math>a</math>. By angle bisector theorem, <math>\frac{AD}{DB}=\frac{AC}{BC}</math>. So let <math>AD=bk</math> and <math>DB=ak</math> for some value of <math>k</math>. Now call <math>IC=x</math>. By the similar triangles we found earlier, <math>\frac{3}{ak}=\frac{bk}{x+2}</math> and <math>\frac{b}{x+5}=\frac{x+2}{a}</math>. We can simplify this to <math>abk^2=3x+6</math> and <math>ab=(x+5)(x+2)</math>. So we can plug the <math>ab</math> into the first equation and get <math>(x+5)(x+2)k^2=3(x+2) \rightarrow k^2(x+5)=3</math>. We can now draw a line through <math>A</math> and <math>I</math> that intersects <math>BC</math> at <math>E</math>. By mass points, we can assign a mass of <math>a</math> to <math>A</math>, <math>b</math> to <math>B</math>, and <math>a+b</math> to <math>D</math>. We can also assign a mass of <math>(a+b)k</math> to <math>C</math> by angle bisector theorem. So the ratio of <math>\frac{DI}{IC}=\frac{(a+b)k}{a+b}=k=\frac{2}{x}</math>. So since <math>k=\frac{2}{x}</math>, we can plug this back into the original equation to get <math>\left(\frac{2}{x}\right)^2(x+5)=3</math>. This means that <math>\frac{3x^2}{4}-x-5=0</math> which has roots -2 and <math>\frac{10}{3}</math> which means our <math>CI=\frac{10}{3}</math> and our answer is <math>013</math>.
  
 
== See also ==
 
== See also ==
 
{{AIME box|year=2016|n=I|num-b=5|num-a=7}}
 
{{AIME box|year=2016|n=I|num-b=5|num-a=7}}
 
{{MAA Notice}}
 
{{MAA Notice}}

Revision as of 21:48, 17 March 2016

Problem

In $\triangle ABC$ let $I$ be the center of the inscribed circle, and let the bisector of $\angle ACB$ intersect $AB$ at $L$. The line through $C$ and $L$ intersects the circumscribed circle of $\triangle ABC$ at the two points $C$ and $D$. If $LI=2$ and $LD=3$, then $IC=\tfrac{p}{q}$, where $p$ and $q$ are relatively prime positive integers. Find $p+q$.

Solution

Solution 1

Suppose we label the angles as shown below. [asy] size(150); import olympiad; real c=8.1,a=5*(c+sqrt(c^2-64))/6,b=5*(c-sqrt(c^2-64))/6; pair A=(0,0),B=(c,0),D=(c/2,-sqrt(25-(c/2)^2)); pair C=intersectionpoints(circle(A,b),circle(B,a))[0]; pair I=incenter(A,B,C); pair L=extension(C,D,A,B); dot(I^^A^^B^^C^^D); draw(C--D); path midangle(pair d,pair e,pair f) {return e--e+((f-e)/length(f-e)+(d-e)/length(d-e))/2;} draw(A--B--D--cycle); draw(circumcircle(A,B,D)); draw(A--C--B); draw(A--I--B^^C--I); draw(incircle(A,B,C)); label("$A$",A,SW,fontsize(8)); label("$B$",B,SE,fontsize(8)); label("$C$",C,N,fontsize(8)); label("$D$",D,S,fontsize(8)); label("$I$",I,NE,fontsize(8)); label("$L$",L,SW,fontsize(8)); label("$\alpha$",A,5*dir(midangle(C,A,I)),fontsize(8)); label("$\alpha$",A,5*dir(midangle(I,A,B)),fontsize(8)); label("$\beta$",B,12*dir(midangle(A,B,I)),fontsize(8)); label("$\beta$",B,12*dir(midangle(I,B,C)),fontsize(8)); label("$\gamma$",C,5*dir(midangle(A,C,I)),fontsize(8)); label("$\gamma$",C,5*dir(midangle(I,C,B)),fontsize(8)); [/asy] As $\angle BCD$ and $\angle BAD$ intercept the same arc, we know that $\angle BAD=\gamma$. Similarly, $\angle ABD=\gamma$. Also, using $\triangle ICA$, we find $\angle CIA=180-\alpha-\gamma$. Therefore, $\angle AID=\alpha+\gamma$. Therefore, $\angle DAI=\angle AID=\alpha+\gamma$, so $\triangle AID$ must be isosceles with $AD=ID=5$. Similarly, $BD=ID=5$. Then $\triangle DLB \sim \triangle ALC$, hence $\frac{AL}{AC} = \frac{3}{5}$. Also, $AI$ bisects $\angle LAI$, so by the Angle Bisector Theorem $\frac{CI}{IL} =\frac{AC}{AL}= \frac{5}{3}$. Thus $CI = \frac{10}{3}$, and the answer is $\boxed{013}$.

Solution 2

WLOG assume $\triangle ABC$ is isosceles. Then, $L$ is the midpoint of $AB$, and $\angle CLB=\angle CLA=90^\circ$. Draw the perpendicular from $I$ to $CB$, and let it meet $CB$ at $E$. Since $IL=2$, $IE$ is also $2$ (they are both inradii). Set $BD$ as $x$. Then, triangles $BLD$ and $CEI$ are similar, and $\tfrac{2}{3}=\tfrac{CI}{x}$. Thus, $CI=\tfrac{2x}{3}$. $\triangle CBD~\triangle CEI$, so $\tfrac{IE}{DB}=\tfrac{CI}{CD}$. Thus $\tfrac{2}{x}=\tfrac{(2x/3)}{(2x/3+5)}$. Solving for $x$, we have: $x^2-2x-15=0$, or $x=5, -3$. $x$ is positive, so $x=5$. As a result, $CI=\tfrac{2x}{3}=\tfrac{10}{3}$ and the answer is $\boxed{013}$

Solution 3

WLOG assume $\triangle ABC$ is isosceles (with vertex $C$). Let $O$ be the center of the circumcircle, $R$ the circumradius, and $r$ the inradius. A simple sketch will reveal that $\triangle ABC$ must be obtuse (as an acute triangle will result in $LI$ being greater than $DL$) and that $O$ and $I$ are collinear. Next, if $OI=d$, $DO+OI=R+d$ and $R+d=DL+LI=5$. Euler gives us that $d^{2}=R(R-2r)$, and in this case, $r=LI=2$. Thus, $d=\sqrt{R^{2}-4R}$. Solving for $d$, we have $R+\sqrt{R^{2}-4R}=5$, then $R^{2}-4R=25-10R+R^{2}$, yielding $R=\frac{25}{6}$. Next, $R+d=5$ so $d=\frac{5}{6}$. Finally, $OC=OI+IC$ gives us $R=d+IC$, and $IC=\frac{25}{6}-\frac{5}{6}=\frac{10}{3}$. Our answer is then $\boxed{013}$.

Solution 4

Since $\angle{LAD} = \angle{BDC}$ and $\angle{DLA}=\angle{DBC}$, $\triangle{DLA}\sim\triangle{DBC}$. Also, $\angle{DAC}=\angle{BLC}$ and $\angle{ACD}=\angle{LCB}$ so $\triangle{DAC}\sim\triangle{BLC}$. Now we can call $AC$, $b$ and $BC$, $a$. By angle bisector theorem, $\frac{AD}{DB}=\frac{AC}{BC}$. So let $AD=bk$ and $DB=ak$ for some value of $k$. Now call $IC=x$. By the similar triangles we found earlier, $\frac{3}{ak}=\frac{bk}{x+2}$ and $\frac{b}{x+5}=\frac{x+2}{a}$. We can simplify this to $abk^2=3x+6$ and $ab=(x+5)(x+2)$. So we can plug the $ab$ into the first equation and get $(x+5)(x+2)k^2=3(x+2) \rightarrow k^2(x+5)=3$. We can now draw a line through $A$ and $I$ that intersects $BC$ at $E$. By mass points, we can assign a mass of $a$ to $A$, $b$ to $B$, and $a+b$ to $D$. We can also assign a mass of $(a+b)k$ to $C$ by angle bisector theorem. So the ratio of $\frac{DI}{IC}=\frac{(a+b)k}{a+b}=k=\frac{2}{x}$. So since $k=\frac{2}{x}$, we can plug this back into the original equation to get $\left(\frac{2}{x}\right)^2(x+5)=3$. This means that $\frac{3x^2}{4}-x-5=0$ which has roots -2 and $\frac{10}{3}$ which means our $CI=\frac{10}{3}$ and our answer is $013$.

See also

2016 AIME I (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
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