Difference between revisions of "2006 AMC 12A Problems"

Latest revision as of 12:43, 28 December 2020

2006 AMC 12A (Answer Key) Printable versions: Wiki • AoPS Resources • PDF
Instructions This is a 25-question, multiple choice test. Each question is followed by answers marked A, B, C, D and E. Only one of these is correct. You will receive 6 points for each correct answer, 2.5 points for each problem left unanswered if the year is before 2006, 1.5 points for each problem left unanswered if the year is after 2006, and 0 points for each incorrect answer. No aids are permitted other than scratch paper, graph paper, ruler, compass, protractor and erasers (and calculators that are accepted for use on the test if before 2006. No problems on the test will require the use of a calculator). Figures are not necessarily drawn to scale. You will have 75 minutes working time to complete the test.
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25

Problem 1

Sandwiches at Joe's Fast Food cost $3$ dollars each and sodas cost $2$ dollars each. How many dollars will it cost to purchase $5$ sandwiches and $8$ sodas?

$\mathrm{(A) \ } 31\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } 32\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } 33\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } 34\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ } 35$

Solution

Problem 2

Define $x\otimes y=x^3-y$ . What is $h\otimes (h\otimes h)$ ?

$\mathrm{(A) \ } -h\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } 0\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } h\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } 2h\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ } h^3$

Solution

Problem 3

The ratio of Mary's age to Alice's age is $3:5$ . Alice is $30$ years old. How old is Mary?

$\mathrm{(A) \ } 15\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } 18\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } 20\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } 24\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ } 50$

Solution

Problem 4

A digital watch displays hours and minutes with AM and PM. What is the largest possible sum of the digits in the display?

$\mathrm{(A) \ } 17\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } 19\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } 21\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } 22\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ } 23$

Solution

Problem 5

Doug and Dave shared a pizza with $8$ equally-sized slices. Doug wanted a plain pizza, but Dave wanted anchovies on half the pizza. The cost of a plain pizza was $8$ dollars, and there was an additional cost of $2$ dollars for putting anchovies on one half. Dave ate all the slices of anchovy pizza and one plain slice. Doug ate the remainder. Each paid for what he had eaten. How many more dollars did Dave pay than Doug?

$\mathrm{(A) \ } 1\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } 2\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } 3\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } 4\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ } 5$

Solution

Problem 6

The $8\times 18$ rectangle $ABCD$ is cut into two congruent hexagons, as shown, in such a way that the two hexagons can be repositioned without overlap to form a square. What is $y$ ? $[asy] unitsize(3mm); defaultpen(fontsize(10pt)+linewidth(.8pt)); dotfactor=4; draw((0,4)--(18,4)--(18,-4)--(0,-4)--cycle); draw((6,4)--(6,0)--(12,0)--(12,-4)); label("$A$",(0,4),NW); label("$B$",(18,4),NE); label("$C$",(18,-4),SE); label("$D$",(0,-4),SW); label("$y$",(3,4),S); label("$y$",(15,-4),N); label("$18$",(9,4),N); label("$18$",(9,-4),S); label("$8$",(0,0),W); label("$8$",(18,0),E); dot((0,4)); dot((18,4)); dot((18,-4)); dot((0,-4));[/asy]$ $\mathrm{(A) \ } 6\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } 7\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } 8\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } 9\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ } 10$

Solution

Problem 7

Mary is $20\%$ older than Sally, and Sally is $40\%$ younger than Danielle. The sum of their ages is $23.2$ years. How old will Mary be on her next birthday?

$\mathrm{(A) \ } 7\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } 8\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } 9\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } 10\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ } 11$

Solution

Problem 8

How many sets of two or more consecutive positive integers have a sum of $15$ ?

$\mathrm{(A) \ } 1\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } 2\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } 3\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } 4\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ } 5$

Solution

Problem 9

Oscar buys $13$ pencils and $3$ erasers for $\textdollar 1.00$ . A pencil costs more than an eraser, and both items cost a whole number of cents. What is the total cost, in cents, of one pencil and one eraser?

$\mathrm{(A) \ } 10\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } 12\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } 15\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } 18\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ } 20$

Solution

Problem 10

For how many real values of $x$ is $\sqrt{120-\sqrt{x}}$ an integer?

$\mathrm{(A) \ } 3\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } 6\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } 9\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } 10\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ } 11$

Solution

Problem 11

Which of the following describes the graph of the equation $(x+y)^2=x^2+y^2$ ?

$\mathrm{(A)}\ \text{the empty set}\qquad\mathrm{(B)}\ \text{one point}\qquad\mathrm{(C)}\ \text{two lines}\qquad\mathrm{(D)}\ \text{a circle}\qquad\mathrm{(E)}\ \text{the entire plane}$

Solution

Problem 12

A number of linked rings, each 1 cm thick, are hanging on a peg. The top ring has an outside diameter of 20 cm. The outside diameter of each of the outer rings is 1 cm less than that of the ring above it. The bottom ring has an outside diameter of 3 cm. What is the distance, in cm, from the top of the top ring to the bottom of the bottom ring? $[asy]size(7cm); pointpen = black; pathpen = linewidth(0.7); D(CR((0,0),10)); D(CR((0,0),9.5)); D(CR((0,-18.5),9.5)); D(CR((0,-18.5),9)); MP("$\vdots$",(0,-31),(0,0)); D(CR((0,-39),3)); D(CR((0,-39),2.5)); D(CR((0,-43.5),2.5)); D(CR((0,-43.5),2)); D(CR((0,-47),2)); D(CR((0,-47),1.5)); D(CR((0,-49.5),1.5)); D(CR((0,-49.5),1.0)); D((12,-10)--(12,10)); MP('20',(12,0),E); D((12,-51)--(12,-48)); MP('3',(12,-49.5),E); [/asy]$ $\mathrm{(A) \ } 171\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } 173\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } 182\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } 188\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ } 210$

Solution

Problem 13

The vertices of a $3-4-5$ right triangle are the centers of three mutually externally tangent circles, as shown. What is the sum of the areas of the three circles? $[asy] unitsize(5mm); defaultpen(fontsize(10pt)+linewidth(.8pt)); pair B=(0,0), C=(5,0); pair A=intersectionpoints(Circle(B,3),Circle(C,4))[0]; draw(A--B--C--cycle); draw(Circle(C,3)); draw(Circle(A,1)); draw(Circle(B,2)); label("$A$",A,N); label("$B$",B,W); label("$C$",C,E); label("3",midpoint(B--A),NW); label("4",midpoint(A--C),NE); label("5",midpoint(B--C),S);[/asy]$

$\mathrm{(A) \ } 12\pi\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } \frac{25\pi}{2}\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } 13\pi\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } \frac{27\pi}{2}\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ } 14\pi$

Solution

Problem 14

Two farmers agree that pigs are worth $300$ dollars and that goats are worth $210$ dollars. When one farmer owes the other money, he pays the debt in pigs or goats, with "change" received in the form of goats or pigs as necessary. (For example, a $390$ dollar debt could be paid with two pigs, with one goat received in change.) What is the amount of the smallest positive debt that can be resolved in this way?

$\mathrm{(A) \ } \textdollar5 \qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } \textdollar 10 \qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } \textdollar 30 \qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } \textdollar 90 \qquad \mathrm{(E) \ } \textdollar 210$

Solution

Problem 15

Suppose $\cos x=0$ and $\cos (x+z)=1/2$ . What is the smallest possible positive value of $z$ ?

$\mathrm{(A) \ } \frac{\pi}{6}\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } \frac{\pi}{3}\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } \frac{\pi}{2}\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } \frac{5\pi}{6}\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ } \frac{7\pi}{6}$

Solution

Problem 16

Circles with centers $A$ and $B$ have radii $3$ and $8$ , respectively. A common internal tangent intersects the circles at $C$ and $D$ , respectively. Lines $AB$ and $CD$ intersect at $E$ , and $AE=5$ . What is $CD$ ? $[asy]unitsize(2.5mm); defaultpen(fontsize(10pt)+linewidth(.8pt)); dotfactor=3; pair A=(0,0), Ep=(5,0), B=(5+40/3,0); pair M=midpoint(A--Ep); pair C=intersectionpoints(Circle(M,2.5),Circle(A,3))[1]; pair D=B+8*dir(180+degrees(C)); dot(A); dot(C); dot(B); dot(D); draw(C--D); draw(A--B); draw(Circle(A,3)); draw(Circle(B,8)); label("$A$",A,W); label("$B$",B,E); label("$C$",C,SE); label("$E$",Ep,SSE); label("$D$",D,NW);[/asy]$ $\mathrm{(A)}\ 13\qquad\mathrm{(B)}\ \frac{44}{3}\qquad\mathrm{(C)}\ \sqrt{221}\qquad\mathrm{(D)}\ \sqrt{255}\qquad\mathrm{(E)}\ \frac{55}{3}$

Solution

Problem 17

Square $ABCD$ has side length $s$ , a circle centered at $E$ has radius $r$ , and $r$ and $s$ are both rational. The circle passes through $D$ , and $D$ lies on $\overline{BE}$ . Point $F$ lies on the circle, on the same side of $\overline{BE}$ as $A$ . Segment $AF$ is tangent to the circle, and $AF=\sqrt{9+5\sqrt{2}}$ . What is $r/s$ ? $[asy]unitsize(6mm); defaultpen(linewidth(.8pt)+fontsize(10pt)); dotfactor=3; pair B=(0,0), C=(3,0), D=(3,3), A=(0,3); pair Ep=(3+5*sqrt(2)/6,3+5*sqrt(2)/6); pair F=intersectionpoints(Circle(A,sqrt(9+5*sqrt(2))),Circle(Ep,5/3))[0]; pair[] dots={A,B,C,D,Ep,F}; draw(A--F); draw(Circle(Ep,5/3)); draw(A--B--C--D--cycle); dot(dots); label("$A$",A,NW); label("$B$",B,SW); label("$C$",C,SE); label("$D$",D,SW); label("$E$",Ep,E); label("$F$",F,NW); [/asy]$ $\mathrm{(A) \ } \frac{1}{2}\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } \frac{5}{9}\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } \frac{3}{5}\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } \frac{5}{3}\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ } \frac{9}{5}$

Solution

Problem 18

The function $f$ has the property that for each real number $x$ in its domain, $1/x$ is also in its domain and

$f(x)+f\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)=x$

What is the largest set of real numbers that can be in the domain of $f$ ?

$\mathrm{(A) \ } \{x|x\ne 0\}\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } \{x|x<0\}\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } \{x|x>0\}\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } \{x|x\ne -1\;$ $\mathrm{and}\; x\ne 0\;\mathrm{and}\; x\ne 1\}\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ } \{-1,1\}$

Solution

Problem 19

Circles with centers $(2,4)$ and $(14,9)$ have radii $4$ and $9$ , respectively. The equation of a common external tangent to the circles can be written in the form $y=mx+b$ with $m>0$ . What is $b$ ?

$[asy] size(150); defaultpen(linewidth(0.7)+fontsize(8)); draw(circle((2,4),4));draw(circle((14,9),9)); draw((0,-2)--(0,20));draw((-6,0)--(25,0)); draw((2,4)--(2,4)+4*expi(pi*4.5/11)); draw((14,9)--(14,9)+9*expi(pi*6/7)); label("4",(2,4)+2*expi(pi*4.5/11),(-1,0)); label("9",(14,9)+4.5*expi(pi*6/7),(1,1)); label("(2,4)",(2,4),(0.5,-1.5));label("(14,9)",(14,9),(1,-1)); draw((-4,120*-4/119+912/119)--(11,120*11/119+912/119)); dot((2,4)^^(14,9)); [/asy]$

$\mathrm{(A) \ } \frac{908}{119}\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } \frac{909}{119}\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } \frac{130}{17}\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } \frac{911}{119}\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ } \frac{912}{119}$

Solution

Problem 20

A bug starts at one vertex of a cube and moves along the edges of the cube according to the following rule. At each vertex the bug will choose to travel along one of the three edges emanating from that vertex. Each edge has equal probability of being chosen, and all choices are independent. What is the probability that after seven moves the bug will have visited every vertex exactly once?

$\mathrm{(A) \ } \frac{1}{2187}\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } \frac{1}{729}\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } \frac{2}{243}\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } \frac{1}{81}\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ } \frac{5}{243}$

Solution

Problem 21

Let

$S_1=\{(x,y)|\log_{10}(1+x^2+y^2)\le 1+\log_{10}(x+y)\}$

and

$S_2=\{(x,y)|\log_{10}(2+x^2+y^2)\le 2+\log_{10}(x+y)\}$ .

What is the ratio of the area of $S_2$ to the area of $S_1$ ?

$\mathrm{(A) \ } 98\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } 99\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } 100\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } 101\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ } 102$

Solution

Problem 22

A circle of radius $r$ is concentric with and outside a regular hexagon of side length $2$ . The probability that three entire sides of hexagon are visible from a randomly chosen point on the circle is $1/2$ . What is $r$ ?

$\mathrm{(A) \ } 2\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3}\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } 3\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } 2\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{3} \qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } 3\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{6}\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ } 6\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}$

Solution

Problem 23

Given a finite sequence $S=(a_1,a_2,\ldots ,a_n)$ of $n$ real numbers, let $A(S)$ be the sequence

$\left(\frac{a_1+a_2}{2},\frac{a_2+a_3}{2},\ldots ,\frac{a_{n-1}+a_n}{2}\right)$

of $n-1$ real numbers. Define $A^1(S)=A(S)$ and, for each integer $m$ , $2\le m\le n-1$ , define $A^m(S)=A(A^{m-1}(S))$ . Suppose $x>0$ , and let $S=(1,x,x^2,\ldots ,x^{100})$ . If $A^{100}(S)=(1/2^{50})$ , then what is $x$ ?

$\mathrm{(A) \ } 1-\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } \sqrt{2}-1\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } \frac{1}{2}\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } 2-\sqrt{2}\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ } \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$

Solution

Problem 24

The expression

$(x+y+z)^{2006}+(x-y-z)^{2006}$

is simplified by expanding it and combining like terms. How many terms are in the simplified expression?

$\mathrm{(A) \ } 6018\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } 671,676\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } 1,007,514\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } 1,008,016\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ } 2,015,028$

Solution

Problem 25

How many non-empty subsets $S$ of $\lbrace 1,2,3,\ldots ,15\rbrace$ have the following two properties?

$(1)$ No two consecutive integers belong to $S$ .

$(2)$ If $S$ contains $k$ elements, then $S$ contains no number less than $k$ .

$\mathrm{(A) \ } 277\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } 311\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } 376\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } 377\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ } 405$

Solution

2006 AMC 12A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by 2005 AMC 12B Problems	Followed by 2006 AMC 12B Problems
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All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions

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Difference between revisions of "2006 AMC 12A Problems"

Latest revision as of 12:43, 28 December 2020

Contents

Problem 1

Problem 2

Problem 3

Problem 4

Problem 5

Problem 6

Problem 7

Problem 8

Problem 9

Problem 10

Problem 11

Problem 12

Problem 13

Problem 14

Problem 15

Problem 16

Problem 17

Problem 18

Problem 19

Problem 20

Problem 21

Problem 22

Problem 23

Problem 24

Problem 25

See also

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{AMC12 Problems|year=2006|ab=A}}
 == Problem 1 ==
+Sandwiches at Joe's Fast Food cost <math>3</math> dollars each and sodas cost <math>2</math> dollars each. How many dollars will it cost to purchase <math>5</math> sandwiches and <math>8</math> sodas?
-Sandwiches at Joe's Fast Food cost <math>$3</math> each and sodas cost <math>$2</math> each. How many dollars will it cost to purchase <math>5</math> sandwiches and <math>8</math> sodas?
 <math> \mathrm{(A) \ } 31\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } 32\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } 33\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } 34\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ } 35 </math>
@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 == Problem 2 ==
 Define <math>x\otimes y=x^3-y</math>. What is <math>h\otimes (h\otimes h)</math>?
@@ Line 16: / Line 15: @@
 == Problem 3 ==
 The ratio of Mary's age to Alice's age is <math>3:5</math>. Alice is <math>30</math> years old. How old is Mary?
@@ Line 24: / Line 22: @@
 == Problem 4 ==
 A digital watch displays hours and minutes with AM and PM. What is the largest possible sum of the digits in the display?
@@ Line 32: / Line 29: @@
 == Problem 5 ==
+Doug and Dave shared a pizza with <math>8</math> equally-sized slices. Doug wanted a plain pizza, but Dave wanted anchovies on half the pizza. The cost of a plain pizza was <math>8</math> dollars, and there was an additional cost of <math>2</math> dollars for putting anchovies on one half. Dave ate all the slices of anchovy pizza and one plain slice. Doug ate the remainder. Each paid for what he had eaten. How many more dollars did Dave pay than Doug?
-Doug and Dave shared a pizza with <math>8</math> equally-sized slices. Doug wanted a plain pizza, but Dave wanted anchovies on half the pizza. The cost of a plain pizza was <math>$8</math>, and there was an additional cost of <math>$2</math> for putting anchovies on one half. Dave ate all the slices of anchovy pizza and one plain slice. Doug ate the remainder. Each paid for what he had eaten. How many more dollars did Dave pay than Doug?
 <math> \mathrm{(A) \ } 1\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } 2\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } 3\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } 4\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ }  5</math>
@@ Line 40: / Line 36: @@
 == Problem 6 ==
-{{image}}
 The <math>8\times 18</math> rectangle <math>ABCD</math> is cut into two congruent hexagons, as shown, in such a way that the two hexagons can be repositioned without overlap to form a square. What is <math>y</math>?
+<asy>
+unitsize(3mm);
+defaultpen(fontsize(10pt)+linewidth(.8pt));
+dotfactor=4;
+draw((0,4)--(18,4)--(18,-4)--(0,-4)--cycle);
+draw((6,4)--(6,0)--(12,0)--(12,-4));
+label("$A$",(0,4),NW);
+label("$B$",(18,4),NE);
+label("$C$",(18,-4),SE);
+label("$D$",(0,-4),SW);
+label("$y$",(3,4),S);
+label("$y$",(15,-4),N);
+label("$18$",(9,4),N);
+label("$18$",(9,-4),S);
+label("$8$",(0,0),W);
+label("$8$",(18,0),E);
+dot((0,4));
+dot((18,4));
+dot((18,-4));
+dot((0,-4));</asy>
 <math> \mathrm{(A) \ } 6\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } 7\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } 8\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } 9\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ }  10</math>
@@ Line 50: / Line 62: @@
 == Problem 7 ==
+Mary is <math>20\%</math> older than Sally, and Sally is <math>40\%</math> younger than Danielle. The sum of their ages is <math>23.2</math> years. How old will Mary be on her next birthday?
-Mary is <math>20%</math> older than Sally, and Sally is <math>40%</math> younger than Danielle. The sum of their ages is <math>23.2</math> years. How old will Mary be on her next birthday?
 <math> \mathrm{(A) \ } 7\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } 8\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } 9\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } 10\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ }  11</math>
@@ Line 58: / Line 69: @@
 == Problem 8 ==
 How many sets of two or more consecutive positive integers have a sum of <math>15</math>?
@@ Line 66: / Line 76: @@
 == Problem 9 ==
+Oscar buys <math>13</math> pencils and <math>3</math> erasers for <math>\textdollar 1.00</math>. A pencil costs more than an eraser, and both items cost a whole number of cents. What is the total cost, in cents, of one pencil and one eraser?
-Oscar buys <math>13</math> pencils and <math>3</math> erasers for <math>$1.00</math>. A pencil costs more than an eraser, and both items cost a whole number of cents. What is the total cost, in cents, of one pencil and one eraser?
 <math> \mathrm{(A) \ } 10\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } 12\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } 15\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } 18\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ }  20</math>
@@ Line 74: / Line 83: @@
 == Problem 10 ==
 For how many real values of <math>x</math> is <math>\sqrt{120-\sqrt{x}}</math> an integer?
@@ Line 82: / Line 90: @@
 == Problem 11 ==
 Which of the following describes the graph of the equation <math>(x+y)^2=x^2+y^2</math>?
-<math> \mathrm{(A) \ } \qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } \qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } \qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } \qquad \mathrm{(E) \ }  </math>
+<math>\mathrm{(A)}\ \text{the empty set}\qquad\mathrm{(B)}\ \text{one point}\qquad\mathrm{(C)}\ \text{two lines}\qquad\mathrm{(D)}\ \text{a circle}\qquad\mathrm{(E)}\ \text{the entire plane}</math>
 [[2006 AMC 12A Problems/Problem 11|Solution]]
@@ Line 91: / Line 98: @@
 == Problem 12 ==
-{{image}}
+A number of linked rings, each 1 cm thick, are hanging on a peg. The top ring has an outside diameter of 20 cm. The outside diameter of each of the outer rings is 1 cm less than that of the ring above it. The bottom ring has an outside diameter of 3 cm. What is the distance, in cm, from the top of the top ring to the bottom of the bottom ring?
+<!-- <center>[[Image:2006_AMC10A-14.png]]</center> -->
-A number of linked rings, each 1 cm thick, are hanging on a peg. The top ring has an outisde diameter of 20 cm. The outside diameter of each of the outer rings is 1 cm less than that of the ring above it. The bottom ring has an outside diameter of 3 cm. What is the distance, in cm, from the top of the top ring to the bottom of the bottom ring?
+<asy>size(7cm); pointpen = black; pathpen = linewidth(0.7);
+D(CR((0,0),10));
+D(CR((0,0),9.5));
+D(CR((0,-18.5),9.5));
+D(CR((0,-18.5),9));
+MP("$\vdots$",(0,-31),(0,0));
+D(CR((0,-39),3));
+D(CR((0,-39),2.5));
+D(CR((0,-43.5),2.5));
+D(CR((0,-43.5),2));
+D(CR((0,-47),2));
+D(CR((0,-47),1.5));
+D(CR((0,-49.5),1.5));
+D(CR((0,-49.5),1.0));
+D((12,-10)--(12,10)); MP('20',(12,0),E);
+D((12,-51)--(12,-48)); MP('3',(12,-49.5),E);
+</asy>
 <math> \mathrm{(A) \ } 171\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } 173\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } 182\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } 188\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ }  210</math>
@@ Line 100: / Line 123: @@
 == Problem 13 ==
+<!-- <center>[[Image:2006_AMC_12A_Problem_13.gif]]</center> -->
-{{image}}
 The vertices of a <math>3-4-5</math> right triangle are the centers of three mutually externally tangent circles, as shown. What is the sum of the areas of the three circles?
+<asy>
+unitsize(5mm);
+defaultpen(fontsize(10pt)+linewidth(.8pt));
+pair B=(0,0), C=(5,0);
+pair A=intersectionpoints(Circle(B,3),Circle(C,4))[0];
+draw(A--B--C--cycle);
+draw(Circle(C,3));
+draw(Circle(A,1));
+draw(Circle(B,2));
+label("$A$",A,N);
+label("$B$",B,W);
+label("$C$",C,E);
+label("3",midpoint(B--A),NW);
+label("4",midpoint(A--C),NE);
+label("5",midpoint(B--C),S);</asy>
 <math> \mathrm{(A) \ } 12\pi\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } \frac{25\pi}{2}\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } 13\pi\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } \frac{27\pi}{2}\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ }  14\pi</math>
@@ Line 110: / Line 146: @@
 == Problem 14 ==
+Two farmers agree that pigs are worth <math>300</math> dollars and that goats are worth <math>210</math> dollars. When one farmer owes the other money, he pays the debt in pigs or goats, with "change" received in the form of goats or pigs as necessary. (For example, a <math>390</math> dollar debt could be paid with two pigs, with one goat received in change.) What is the amount of the smallest positive debt that can be resolved in this way?
-Two farmers agree that pigs are worth <math>$300</math> and that goats are worth <math>$210</math>. When one farmer owes the other money, he pays the debt in pigs or goats, with "change" received in the form of goats or pigs as necessary. (For example, a <math>$390</math> debt could be paid with two pigs, with one goat received in change.) What is the amount of the smallest positive debt that can be resolved in this way?
+<math> \mathrm{(A) \ } \textdollar5 \qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } \textdollar 10 \qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } \textdollar 30 \qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } \textdollar 90 \qquad \mathrm{(E) \ }  \textdollar 210</math>
-<math> \mathrm{(A) \ } $5\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } $10\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } $30\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } $90\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ }  $210</math>
 [[2006 AMC 12A Problems/Problem 14|Solution]]
 == Problem 15 ==
 Suppose <math>\cos x=0</math> and <math>\cos (x+z)=1/2</math>. What is the smallest possible positive value of <math>z</math>?
@@ Line 126: / Line 160: @@
 == Problem 16 ==
-{{image}}
 Circles with centers <math>A</math> and <math>B</math> have radii <math>3</math> and <math>8</math>, respectively. A common internal tangent intersects the circles at <math>C</math> and <math>D</math>, respectively. Lines <math>AB</math> and <math>CD</math> intersect at <math>E</math>, and <math>AE=5</math>. What is <math>CD</math>?
+<!-- [[Image:2006_AMC12A-16.png|center]] -->
-<math> \mathrm{(A) \ } 13\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } \frac{44}{3}\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } \sqrt{221}\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } \sqrt{255}\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ }  \frac{55}{3}</math>
+<asy>unitsize(2.5mm);
+defaultpen(fontsize(10pt)+linewidth(.8pt));
+dotfactor=3;
+pair A=(0,0), Ep=(5,0), B=(5+40/3,0);
+pair M=midpoint(A--Ep);
+pair C=intersectionpoints(Circle(M,2.5),Circle(A,3))[1];
+pair D=B+8*dir(180+degrees(C));
+dot(A);
+dot(C);
+dot(B);
+dot(D);
+draw(C--D);
+draw(A--B);
+draw(Circle(A,3));
+draw(Circle(B,8));
+label("$A$",A,W);
+label("$B$",B,E);
+label("$C$",C,SE);
+label("$E$",Ep,SSE);
+label("$D$",D,NW);</asy>
+<math>\mathrm{(A)}\ 13\qquad\mathrm{(B)}\ \frac{44}{3}\qquad\mathrm{(C)}\ \sqrt{221}\qquad\mathrm{(D)}\ \sqrt{255}\qquad\mathrm{(E)}\ \frac{55}{3}</math>
 [[2006 AMC 12A Problems/Problem 16|Solution]]
 == Problem 17 ==
-{{image}}
 Square <math>ABCD</math> has side length <math>s</math>, a circle centered at <math>E</math> has radius <math>r</math>, and <math>r</math> and <math>s</math> are both rational. The circle passes through <math>D</math>, and <math>D</math> lies on <math>\overline{BE}</math>. Point <math>F</math> lies on the circle, on the same side of <math>\overline{BE}</math> as <math>A</math>. Segment <math>AF</math> is tangent to the circle, and <math>AF=\sqrt{9+5\sqrt{2}}</math>. What is <math>r/s</math>?
+<!-- [[Image:AMC12_2006A_17.png|center]] -->
+<asy>unitsize(6mm);
+defaultpen(linewidth(.8pt)+fontsize(10pt));
+dotfactor=3;
+pair B=(0,0), C=(3,0), D=(3,3), A=(0,3);
+pair Ep=(3+5*sqrt(2)/6,3+5*sqrt(2)/6);
+pair F=intersectionpoints(Circle(A,sqrt(9+5*sqrt(2))),Circle(Ep,5/3))[0];
+pair[] dots={A,B,C,D,Ep,F};
+draw(A--F);
+draw(Circle(Ep,5/3));
+draw(A--B--C--D--cycle);
+dot(dots);
+label("$A$",A,NW);
+label("$B$",B,SW);
+label("$C$",C,SE);
+label("$D$",D,SW);
+label("$E$",Ep,E);
+label("$F$",F,NW);
+</asy>
 <math> \mathrm{(A) \ } \frac{1}{2}\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } \frac{5}{9}\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } \frac{3}{5}\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } \frac{5}{3}\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ }  \frac{9}{5}</math>
@@ Line 146: / Line 212: @@
 == Problem 18 ==
 The function <math>f</math> has the property that for each real number <math>x</math> in its domain, <math>1/x</math> is also in its domain and
@@ Line 153: / Line 218: @@
 What is the largest set of real numbers that can be in the domain of <math>f</math>?
-<math> \mathrm{(A) \ } \{x|x\ne 0\}\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } \{x|x<0\}\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } \{x|x>0\}\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } \qquad \mathrm{(E) \ }  \{-1,1\}</math>
+<math> \mathrm{(A) \ } \{x|x\ne 0\}\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } \{x|x<0\}\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } \{x|x>0\}\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } \{x|x\ne -1\;</math> <math>\mathrm{and}\; x\ne 0\;\mathrm{and}\; x\ne 1\}\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ }  \{-1,1\}</math>
 [[2006 AMC 12A Problems/Problem 18|Solution]]
 == Problem 19 ==
+Circles with centers <math>(2,4)</math> and <math>(14,9)</math> have radii <math>4</math> and <math>9</math>, respectively. The equation of a common external tangent to the circles can be written in the form <math>y=mx+b</math> with <math>m>0</math>. What is <math>b</math>?
-{{image}}
+<!-- [[Image:AMC12_2006A_19.png|center]] -->
+<asy>
-Circles with centers <math>(2,4)</math> and <math>(14,9)</math> have radii <math>4</math> and <math>9</math>, respectively. The equation of a common external tangent to the circles can be written in the form <math>y=mx+b</math> with <math>m>0</math>. What is <math>b</math>?
+size(150);
+defaultpen(linewidth(0.7)+fontsize(8));
+draw(circle((2,4),4));draw(circle((14,9),9));
+draw((0,-2)--(0,20));draw((-6,0)--(25,0));
+draw((2,4)--(2,4)+4*expi(pi*4.5/11));
+draw((14,9)--(14,9)+9*expi(pi*6/7));
+label("4",(2,4)+2*expi(pi*4.5/11),(-1,0));
+label("9",(14,9)+4.5*expi(pi*6/7),(1,1));
+label("(2,4)",(2,4),(0.5,-1.5));label("(14,9)",(14,9),(1,-1));
+draw((-4,120*-4/119+912/119)--(11,120*11/119+912/119));
+dot((2,4)^^(14,9));
+</asy>
-<math> \mathrm{(A) \ } \frac{908}{199}\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } \frac{909}{119}\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } \frac{130}{17}\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } \frac{911}{119}\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ }  \frac{912}{119}</math>
+<math> \mathrm{(A) \ } \frac{908}{119}\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } \frac{909}{119}\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } \frac{130}{17}\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } \frac{911}{119}\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ }  \frac{912}{119}</math>
 [[2006 AMC 12A Problems/Problem 19|Solution]]
 == Problem 20 ==
 A bug starts at one vertex of a cube and moves along the edges of the cube according to the following rule. At each vertex the bug will choose to travel along one of the three edges emanating from that vertex. Each edge has equal probability of being chosen, and all choices are independent. What is the probability that after seven moves the bug will have visited every vertex exactly once?
-<math> \mathrm{(A) \ } \frac{1}{2187}\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } \frac{1}{729}\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } \frac{2}{243}\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } \qquad \frac{1}{81}\mathrm{(E) \ }  \frac{5}{243}</math>
+<math> \mathrm{(A) \ } \frac{1}{2187}\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } \frac{1}{729}\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } \frac{2}{243}\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } \frac{1}{81}\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ }  \frac{5}{243}</math>
 [[2006 AMC 12A Problems/Problem 20|Solution]]
 == Problem 21 ==
 Let
-<math>S_1=\{(x,y)|\log_{10}(1+x^2+y^2)\le 1+\log_{10}(x+y)</math>
+<math>S_1=\{(x,y)|\log_{10}(1+x^2+y^2)\le 1+\log_{10}(x+y)\}</math>
 and
-<math>S_2=\{(x,y)|\log_{10}(2+x^2+y^2)\le 2+\log_{10}(x+y)</math>.
+<math>S_2=\{(x,y)|\log_{10}(2+x^2+y^2)\le 2+\log_{10}(x+y)\}</math>.
 What is the ratio of the area of <math>S_2</math> to the area of <math>S_1</math>?
@@ Line 192: / Line 267: @@
 == Problem 22 ==
 A circle of radius <math>r</math> is concentric with and outside a regular hexagon of side length <math>2</math>. The probability that three entire sides of hexagon are visible from a randomly chosen point on the circle is <math>1/2</math>. What is <math>r</math>?
-<math> \mathrm{(A) \ } 2\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3}\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } 3\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } 2\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{3}\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } 3\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{6}\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ }  6\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}</math>
+<math> \mathrm{(A) \ } 2\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3}\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } 3\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } 2\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{3} \qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } 3\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{6}\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ }  6\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}</math>
 [[2006 AMC 12A Problems/Problem 22|Solution]]
 == Problem 23 ==
 Given a finite sequence <math>S=(a_1,a_2,\ldots ,a_n)</math> of <math>n</math> real numbers, let <math>A(S)</math> be the sequence
-<math>(\frac{a_1+a_2}{2},\frac{a_2+a_3}{2},\ldots ,\frac{a_{n-1}+a_n}{2})</math>
+<math>\left(\frac{a_1+a_2}{2},\frac{a_2+a_3}{2},\ldots ,\frac{a_{n-1}+a_n}{2}\right)</math>
 of <math>n-1</math> real numbers. Define <math>A^1(S)=A(S)</math> and, for each integer <math>m</math>, <math>2\le m\le n-1</math>, define <math>A^m(S)=A(A^{m-1}(S))</math>. Suppose <math>x>0</math>, and let <math>S=(1,x,x^2,\ldots ,x^{100})</math>. If <math>A^{100}(S)=(1/2^{50})</math>, then what is <math>x</math>?
@@ Line 212: / Line 285: @@
 == Problem 24 ==
+The expression
+<math>(x+y+z)^{2006}+(x-y-z)^{2006}</math>
+is simplified by expanding it and combining like terms. How many terms are in the simplified expression?
 <math> \mathrm{(A) \ } 6018\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } 671,676\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } 1,007,514\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } 1,008,016\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ }  2,015,028</math>
@@ Line 218: / Line 296: @@
 == Problem 25 ==
+How many non-empty subsets <math>S</math> of <math>\lbrace 1,2,3,\ldots ,15\rbrace</math> have the following two properties?
+<math>(1)</math>  No two consecutive integers belong to <math>S</math>.
+<math>(2)</math>  If <math>S</math> contains <math>k</math> elements, then <math>S</math> contains no number less than <math>k</math>.
-<math> \mathrm{(A) \ } \qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } \qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } \qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } \qquad \mathrm{(E) \ }  </math>
+<math> \mathrm{(A) \ } 277\qquad \mathrm{(B) \ } 311\qquad \mathrm{(C) \ } 376\qquad \mathrm{(D) \ } 377\qquad \mathrm{(E) \ }  405</math>
 [[2006 AMC 12A Problems/Problem 25|Solution]]
 == See also ==
+{{AMC12 box|year=2006|ab=A|before=[[2005 AMC 12B Problems]]|after=[[2006 AMC 12B Problems]]}}
 * [[AMC 12]]
 * [[AMC 12 Problems and Solutions]]
-* [[2006 AMC 12A]]
 * [http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Community/AoPS_Y_MJ_Transcripts.php?mj_id=142 2006 AMC A Math Jam Transcript]
 * [[Mathematics competition resources]]
+{{MAA Notice}}