2006 AMC 12A Problems/Problem 14

The following problem is from both the 2006 AMC 12A #14 and 2006 AMC 10A #22, so both problems redirect to this page.

Problem

Two farmers agree that pigs are worth $300$ dollars and that goats are worth $210$ dollars. When one farmer owes the other money, he pays the debt in pigs or goats, with "change" received in the form of goats or pigs as necessary. (For example, a $390$ dollar debt could be paid with two pigs, with one goat received in change.) What is the amount of the smallest positive debt that can be resolved in this way?

$\textbf{(A) } 5\qquad \textbf{(B) } 10\qquad \textbf{(C) } 30\qquad \textbf{(D) } 90\qquad \textbf{(E) } 210$

Solution 1 (Diophantine Equation)

The problem can be restated as an equation of the form $300p + 210g = x$ , where $p$ is the number of pigs, $g$ is the number of goats, and $x$ is the positive debt. The problem asks us to find the lowest x possible. $p$ and $g$ must be integers, which makes the equation a Diophantine equation. Bezout's Lemma tells us that the smallest $c$ for the Diophantine equation $am + bn = c$ to have solutions is when $c$ is the GCD (greatest common divisor) of $a$ and $b$ . Therefore, the answer is $gcd(300,210)=\boxed{\textbf{(C) }30}.$

Solution 2 (Divisibility Analysis)

Alternatively, note that $300p + 210g = 30(10p + 7g)$ is divisible by $30$ no matter what $p$ and $g$ are, so our answer must be divisible by $30$ . Since we want the smallest integer, we can suppose that the answer is $30$ and go on from there. Note that three goats minus two pigs gives us $630 - 600 = 30$ exactly. Since our supposition can be achieved, the answer is $\boxed{\textbf{(C) }30}$ .

Solution 3 (Simplifying the Problem)

Let us simplify this problem. Dividing by $30$ , we get a pig to be: $\frac{300}{30} = 10$ , and a goat to be $\frac{210}{30}= 7$ . It becomes evident that if you exchange $5$ pigs for $7$ goats, we get the smallest positive difference - $5\cdot 10 - 7\cdot 7 = 50-49 = 1$ , since we can't make a non-integer with a linear combination of integers. Since we originally divided by $30$ , we need to multiply again, thus getting the answer $1\cdot 30 = \boxed{\textbf{(C) }30}$ .

2006 AMC 12A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by Problem 13	Followed by Problem 15
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All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions

2006 AMC 10A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by Problem 21	Followed by Problem 23
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25
All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions.

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2006 AMC 12A Problems/Problem 14

Contents

Problem

Solution 1 (Diophantine Equation)

Solution 2 (Divisibility Analysis)

Solution 3 (Simplifying the Problem)

See also