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2005 AIME II Problems/Problem 13

Revision as of 22:45, 7 August 2018 by Coolgeo (talk | contribs) (→‎Solution 2)

Problem

Let $P(x)$ be a polynomial with integer coefficients that satisfies $P(17)=10$ and $P(24)=17.$ Given that $P(n)=n+3$ has two distinct integer solutions $n_1$ and $n_2,$ find the product $n_1\cdot n_2.$

Solution

We define $Q(x)=P(x)-x+7$, noting that it has roots at $17$ and $24$. Hence $P(x)-x+7=A(x-17)(x-24)$. In particular, this means that $P(x)-x-3=A(x-17)(x-24)-10$. Therefore, $x=n_1,n_2$ satisfy $A(x-17)(x-24)=10$, where $A$, $(x-17)$, and $(x-24)$ are integers. This cannot occur if $x\le 17$ or $x\ge 24$ because the product $(x-17)(x-24)$ will either be too large or not be a divisor of $10$. We find that $x=19$ and $x=22$ are the only values that allow $(x-17)(x-24)$ to be a factor of $10$. Hence the answer is $19\cdot 22=\boxed{418}$.


Solution 2

We know that $P(n)-(n+3)=0$ so $P(n)$ has two distinct solutions so $P(x)$ is at least quadratic. Let us first try this problem out as if $P(x)$ is a quadratic polynomial. Thus $P(n)-(n+3)= an^2+(b-1)n+(c-3)=0$ because $P(n)=an^2+bn+c$ where $a,b,c$ are all integers. Thus $P(x)=ax^2+bx+c$ where $a,b,c$ are all integers. We know that $P(17)$ or $289a+17b+c=10$ and $P(24)$ or $576a+24b+c=17$. By doing $P(24)-P(17)$ we obtain that $287a+7b=7$ or $41a+b=1$ or $-41a=b-1$. Thus $P(n)=an^2- (41a)n+(c-3)=0$. Now we know that $b=-41a+1$, we have $289a+17(-41a+1)+c=10$ or $408a=7+c$ which makes $408a-10=c-3$. Thus $P(n)=an^2-(41a)n+(408a-10)=0$. By Vieta's formulas, we know that the sum of the roots($n$) is equal to 41 and the product of the roots($n$) is equal to $408-\frac{10}{a}$. Because the roots are integers $\frac{10}{a}$ has to be an integer, so $a=1,2,5,10,-1,-2,-5,-10$. Thus the product of the roots is equal to one of the following: $398,403,406,407,409,410,413,418$. Testing every potential product of the roots, we find out that the only product that can have divisors that sum up to $41$ is $418$.

See also

2005 AIME II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 12 		Followed by
Problem 14
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15
All AIME Problems and Solutions

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