1987 USAMO Problems

Problem 1

Find all solutions to $(m^2+n)(m + n^2)= (m - n)^3$ , where m and n are non-zero integers.

Problem 2

The feet of the angle bisectors of the triangle ABC form a right-angled triangle. If the right-angle is at X, where AX is the bisector of angle A, find all possible values for angle A.

Solution

Problem 3

X is the smallest set of polynomials $p(x)$ such that:

1. $p(x) = x$ belongs to X 2. If $r(x)$ belongs to X, then $x\cdot r(x)$ and $(x + (1 - x) \cdot r(x) )$ both belong to X.

Show that if $r(x)$ and $s(x)$ are distinct elements of X, then $r(x) \neq s(x)$ for any $0 < x < 1$ .

Solution

Problem 4

M is the midpoint of XY. The points P and Q lie on a line through Y on opposite sides of Y, such that $|XQ| = 2|MP|$ and $\frac{|XY|}2 < |MP| < \frac{3|XY|}2$ . For what value of $\frac{|PY|}{|QY|}$ is $|PQ|$ a minimum?

Solution

Problem 5

$a_1, a_2, \cdots, a_n$ is a sequence of 0's and 1's. T is the number of triples $(a_i, a_j, a_k)$ with $i<j<k$ which are not equal to (0, 1, 0) or (1, 0, 1). For $1\le i\le n$ , $f(i)$ is the number of $j<i$ with $a_j = a_i$ plus the number of $j>i$ with $a_j\neq a_i$ . Show that $T=\sum_{i=1}^n f(i)\cdot\left(\frac{f(i)-1}2\right)$ . If n is odd, what is the smallest value of T?

Solution

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1987 USAMO Problems

Contents

Problem 1

Problem 2

Problem 3

Problem 4

Problem 5