Algebra
In mathematics, algebra can denote many things. As a subject, it generally denotes the study of calculations on some set. In high school, this can the study of examining, manipulating, and solving equations, inequalities, and other mathematical expressions. Algebra revolves around the concept of the variable, an unknown quantity given a name and usually denoted by a letter or symbol. Many contest problems test one's fluency with algebraic manipulation.
Modern algebra (or "higher", or "abstract" algebra) deals (in part) with generalisations of the normal operations seen arithmetic and high school algebra. Groups, rings, fields, modules, and vector spaces are common objects of study in higher algebra.
As if to add to the confusion, "algebra" is the name for a certain kind of structure in modern algebra.
Modern algebra also arguably contains the field of number theory, which has important applications in computer science. (It is commonly claimed that the NSA is the largest employer in the USA of mathematicians, due to the applications of number theory to cryptanalysis.) However, number theory concerns itself with a specific structure (the ring 
), whereas algebra in general deals with general classes of structure. Furthermore, number theory interacts more specifically with
certain areas of mathematics (e.g., analysis) than does algebra in general. Indeed, number theory
is traditionally divided into different branches, the most prominent of which are
algebraic number theory and analytic number theory.
Study Guides to Algebra
- Introductory topics in algebra
- Intermediate topics in algebra
- Olympiad topics in algebra
- More advanced topics in algebra
Recommended AoPS books
Competition math for middle school
See also
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