Additional signaling system at work

The neuroscientist Mriganka Sur and his colleagues found that in a mouse’s brain, a precise physical command was encoded in the interval between the spikes of two neural signals. “There is no information in the height of the spikes,” he said.

Photograph: Webb Chappell But a discrepancy in the data quickly undermined that theory. They observed a “stop” signal flowing into the MLR while the mouse slowed, but it wasn’t spiking in intensity fast enough to explain how quickly the animal halted.

“If you just take stop signals and feed them into the MLR, the animal will stop, but the mathematics tell us that the stop won’t be fast enough,” said Adam.

“The cortex doesn’t provide a switch,” said Sur. “We thought that’s what the cortex would do, go from 0 to 1 with a fast signal. It doesn’t do that, that’s the puzzle.”

So the researchers knew there had to be an additional signaling system at work.

To find it, they looked again at the anatomy of the mouse brain. Between the cortex where goals originate and the MLR that controls locomotion sits another region, the subthalamic nucleus (STN). It was already known that the STN connects to the MLR by two pathways: One sends excitatory signals and the other sends inhibitory signals. The researchers realized that the MLR responds to the interplay between the two signals rather than relying on the strength of either one. twitter spegcs spegcs spegcs spegcs spegcs spegcs spegcs spegcs spegcs https://paste2.org/a7B4tKdy https://rextester.com/LRNO59595 https://pastebin.com/j5U7L2W8 https://ide.geeksforgeeks.org/92ae069b-0dec-4160-bd74-c840a760e1b6 https://yamcode.com/j8iav1kfcf https://ideone.com/dvXYVh https://bitbin.it/3ZIjw0jl/ https://paiza.io/projects/rawOMSW64s0cF1kRBGOSeg https://pastelink.net/ybmn97jw https://authors.curseforge.com/paste/e6329f87 https://backlinktool.io/p/r7p5FvtHVrLCaLUrgWty.html https://rentry.co/ts4a9 https://www.onfeetnation.com/photo/albums/ghdyrtdfvzsdghzdf https://ctxt.io/2/AAAQD7EUEg http://paste.jp/211080f8/ https://gotartwork.com/Blog/adsawr-a-vacuum-brand-than-a-maker-of-fashion-accessories-csdsrdf/90882/ https://gnssn.iaea.org/main/SLS/Lists/2017%20Survey%20Pilot%20SLS/DispForm.aspx?ID=12794 https://info.undp.org/docs/dao/UNSP2015/Lists/PostSurvey/Item/displayifs.aspx?ID=20396 https://huggingface.co/spaces/stupidpie/4.0/discussions/2 https://electronoobs.io/tutorial/441 https://we.riseup.net/carepmu/insta360-x3-action-camera-in-one https://boosty.to/ournews/posts/95acfb5d-a203-46e3-b14c-08c22ed2351e https://jobs.autonews.com/profile/the-cyber-news-11dec/1816878/ https://mirror.xyz/0xA76E510F24fC47E1d68F32438CBa380Dd8B0568a/00r-Gt3kld4bnVl_lXbWdn9sjpc5STx2zJkNxXduxj8 https://atlantic-maritime-strategy.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/webform/no-damage-11dec.pdf https://www.notateslaapp.com/community/members/ndfseruyhtr.691/about https://www.pinterest.com/pin/883901864347685133 https://pastelink.net/u1u9x6r7 https://player.soundon.fm/p/e0261c8e-8371-4045-a7e3-714a9e522e84 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Podri_Zondik

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