2023 AMC 12B Problems/Problem 24

Suppose that $a,b,c,$ and $d$ are positive integers satisfying all of the following relations. What is $gcd(a,b,c,d)?$

Solution

Denote by $\nu_p (x)$ the number of prime factor $p$ in number $x$ .

We index Equations given in this problem from (1) to (7).

First, we compute $\nu_2 (x)$ for $x \in \left\{ a, b, c, d \right\}$ .

Equation (5) implies $\max \left\{ \nu_2 (b), \nu_2 (c) \right\} = 1$ . Equation (2) implies $\max \left\{ \nu_2 (a), \nu_2 (b) \right\} = 3$ . Equation (6) implies $\max \left\{ \nu_2 (b), \nu_2 (d) \right\} = 2$ . Equation (1) implies $\nu_2 (a) + \nu_2 (b) + \nu_2 (c) + \nu_2 (d) = 6$ .

Therefore, all above jointly imply $\nu_2 (a) = 3$ , $\nu_2 (d) = 2$ , and $\left( \nu_2 (b), \nu_2 (c) \right) = \left( 0 , 1 \right)$ or $\left( 1, 0 \right)$ .

Second, we compute $\nu_3 (x)$ for $x \in \left\{ a, b, c, d \right\}$ .

Equation (2) implies $\max \left\{ \nu_3 (a), \nu_3 (b) \right\} = 2$ . Equation (3) implies $\max \left\{ \nu_3 (a), \nu_3 (c) \right\} = 3$ . Equation (4) implies $\max \left\{ \nu_3 (a), \nu_3 (d) \right\} = 3$ . Equation (1) implies $\nu_3 (a) + \nu_3 (b) + \nu_3 (c) + \nu_3 (d) = 9$ .

Therefore, all above jointly imply $\nu_3 (c) = 3$ , $\nu_3 (d) = 3$ , and $\left( \nu_3 (a), \nu_3 (b) \right) = \left( 1 , 2 \right)$ or $\left( 2, 1 \right)$ .

Third, we compute $\nu_5 (x)$ for $x \in \left\{ a, b, c, d \right\}$ .

Equation (5) implies $\max \left\{ \nu_5 (b), \nu_5 (c) \right\} = 2$ . Equation (2) implies $\max \left\{ \nu_5 (a), \nu_5 (b) \right\} = 3$ . Thus, $\nu_5 (a) = 3$ .

From Equations (5)-(7), we have either $\nu_5 (b) \leq 1$ and $\nu_5 (c) = \nu_5 (d) = 2$ , or $\nu_5 (b) = 2$ and $\max \left\{ \nu_5 (c), \nu_5 (d) \right\} = 2$ .

Equation (1) implies $\nu_5 (a) + \nu_5 (b) + \nu_5 (c) + \nu_5 (d) = 7$ . Thus, for $\nu_5 (b)$ , $\nu_5 (c)$ , $\nu_5 (d)$ , there must be two 2s and one 0.

Therefore, $\begin{align*} {\rm gcd} (a,b,c,d) & = \Pi_{p \in \{ 2, 3, 5\}} p^{\min\{ \nu_p (a), \nu_p(b) , \nu_p (c), \nu_p(d) \}} \\ & = 2^0 \cdot 3^1 \cdot 5^0 \\ & = \boxed{\textbf{(C) 3}}. \end{align*}$

~Steven Chen (Professor Chen Education Palace, www.professorchenedu.com)

2023 AMC 12B (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by Problem 23	Followed by Problem 25
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2023 AMC 12B Problems/Problem 24

Solution

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