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2002 AIME I Problems/Problem 13

Revision as of 08:34, 3 January 2023 by Taco12 (talk | contribs) (added solution)

Problem

In triangle $ABC$ the medians $\overline{AD}$ and $\overline{CE}$ have lengths $18$ and $27$, respectively, and $AB=24$. Extend $\overline{CE}$ to intersect the circumcircle of $ABC$ at $F$. The area of triangle $AFB$ is $m\sqrt{n}$, where $m$ and $n$ are positive integers and $n$ is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find $m+n$.

Solution 1

[asy] size(150); pathpen = linewidth(0.7); pointpen = black; pen f = fontsize(8); pair A=(0,0), B=(24,0), E=(A+B)/2, C=IP(CR(A,3*70^.5),CR(E,27)), D=(B+C)/2, F=IP(circumcircle(A,B,C),E--C+2*(E-C)); D(D(MP("A",A))--D(MP("B",B))--D(MP("C",C,NW))--cycle); D(circumcircle(A,B,C)); D(MP("F",F)); D(A--D); D(C--F); D(A--F--B); D(MP("E",E,NE)); D(MP("D",D,NE)); MP("12",(A+E)/2,SE,f);MP("12",(B+E)/2,f); MP("27",(C+E)/2,SW,f); MP("18",(A+D)/2,SE,f); [/asy]

Applying Stewart's Theorem to medians $AD, CE$, we have:

\begin{align*} BC^2 + 4 \cdot 18^2 &= 2\left(24^2 + AC^2\right) \\ 24^2 + 4 \cdot 27^2 &= 2\left(AC^2 + BC^2\right) \end{align*}

Substituting the first equation into the second and simplification yields $24^2 = 2\left(3AC^2 + 2 \cdot 24^2 - 4 \cdot 18^2\right)- 4 \cdot 27^2$ $\Longrightarrow AC = \sqrt{2^5 \cdot 3 + 2 \cdot 3^5 + 2^4 \cdot 3^3 - 2^7 \cdot 3} = 3\sqrt{70}$.

By the Power of a Point Theorem on $E$, we get $EF = \frac{12^2}{27} = \frac{16}{3}$. The Law of Cosines on $\triangle ACE$ gives

\begin{align*} \cos \angle AEC = \left(\frac{12^2 + 27^2 - 9 \cdot 70}{2 \cdot 12 \cdot 27}\right) = \frac{3}{8} \end{align*}

Hence $\sin \angle AEC = \sqrt{1 - \cos^2 \angle AEC} = \frac{\sqrt{55}}{8}$. Because $\triangle AEF, BEF$ have the same height and equal bases, they have the same area, and $[ABF] = 2[AEF] = 2 \cdot \frac 12 \cdot AE \cdot EF \sin \angle AEF = 12 \cdot \frac{16}{3} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{55}}{8} = 8\sqrt{55}$, and the answer is $8 + 55 = \boxed{063}$.

Solution 2

Let $AD$ and $CE$ intersect at $P$. Since medians split one another in a 2:1 ratio, we have

\begin{align*} AP = 12, PE = 9 \end{align*}

This gives isosceles $APE$ and thus an easy area calculation. After extending the altitude to $PE$ and using the fact that it is also a median, we find

\begin{align*} [APE] = \frac{27\sqrt{55}}{4} \end{align*}

Using Power of a Point, we have

\begin{align*} EF=\frac{16}{3} \end{align*}

By Same Height Different Base,

\begin{align*} \frac{[AFE]}{[APE]}=\frac{[AFE]}{(\frac{27\sqrt{55}}{4})}=\frac{EF}{PE}=\frac{(\frac{16}{3})}{9}=\frac{16}{27} \end{align*}

Solving gives

\begin{align*} [AFE] = 4\sqrt{55} \end{align*}

and

\begin{align*} [AFB]=2[AFE]=8\sqrt{55} \end{align*}

Thus, our answer is $8+55=\boxed{063}$.

Short Solution: Smart Similarity

Use the same diagram as in Solution 1. Call the centroid $P$. It should be clear that $PE=9$, and likewise $AP=12$, $AE=12$. Then, $\sin \angle AEP = \frac{\sqrt{55}}{8}$. Power of a Point on $E$ gives $FE=\frac{16}{3}$, and the area of $AFB$ is $AE * EF* \sin \angle AEP$, which is twice the area of $AEF$ or $FEB$ (they have the same area because of equal base and height), giving $8\sqrt{55}$ for an answer of $\boxed{063}$.

Solution 4 (You've Forgotten Power of a Point Exists)

Note that, as above, it is quite easy to get that $\sin \angle AEP = \frac{\sqrt{55}}{8}$ (equate Heron's and $\frac{1}{2}ab\sin C$ to find this). Now note that $\angle FEA = \angle BEC$ because they are vertical angles, $\angle FAE = \angle ECB$, and $\angle EFA = \angle ABC$ (the latter two are derived from the inscribed angle theorem). Therefore $\Delta AEF ~ \Delta CEB$ and so $FE = \frac{144}{27}$ and $\sin \angle FEA = \frac{\sqrt{55}}{8}$ so the angle of $\Delta BFA$ is $8\sqrt{55}$ giving us $\boxed{063}$ as our answer. (One may just get the area via triangle similarity too--this is if you are tired by the end of test and just want to bash some stuff out--it may also serve as a useful check).

~Dhillonr25

Solution 5 (Barycentric Coordinates)

Apply barycentric coordinates on $\triangle ABC$. We know that $D=\left(0, \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right), E=\left(\frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}, 0\right)$. We can now get the displacement vectors $\overrightarrow{AD} = \left(1, -\frac{1}{2}, -\frac{1}{2}\right)$ and $\overrightarrow{CE}=\left(-\frac{1}{2}, -\frac{1}{2}, 1\right)$. Now, applying the distance formula and simplifying gives us the two equations \begin{align*} 2b^2+2c^2-^2&=1296 \\ 2a^2+2b^2-c^2&=2916. \\ \end{align*} Substituting $c=24$ and solving with algebra now gives $a=6\sqrt{31}, b=3\sqrt{70}$. Now we can find $F$. Note that $CE$ can be parameterized as $(1:1:t)$, so plugging into the circumcircle equation and solving for $t$ gives $t=\frac{-c^2}{a^2+b^2}$ so $F=(a^2+b^2:a^2+b^2:-c^2)$. Plugging in for $a,b$ gives us $F=(1746:1746:-576)$. Thus, by the area formula, we have\[\frac{[AFB]}{[ABC]}= \left|\begin{matrix} 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ \frac{97}{162} & \frac{97}{162} & -\frac{16}{81} \end{matrix}\right|=\frac{16}{81}.\]By Heron's Formula, we have $[ABC]=\frac{81\sqrt{55}}{2}$ which immediately gives $[AFB]=8\sqrt{55}$ from our ratio, extracting $\boxed{63}$.

-Taco12


See also

2002 AIME I (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 12 		Followed by
Problem 14
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15
All AIME Problems and Solutions

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