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2002 AMC 8 Problems/Problem 20

Revision as of 08:48, 6 July 2021 by Putu2003 (talk | contribs) (→‎Solution 3)

Problem

The area of triangle $XYZ$ is 8 square inches. Points $A$ and $B$ are midpoints of congruent segments $\overline{XY}$ and $\overline{XZ}$. Altitude $\overline{XC}$ bisects $\overline{YZ}$. What is the area (in square inches) of the shaded region?

[asy] /* AMC8 2002 #20 Problem */ draw((0,0)--(10,0)--(5,4)--cycle); draw((2.5,2)--(7.5,2)); draw((5,4)--(5,0)); fill((0,0)--(2.5,2)--(5,2)--(5,0)--cycle, mediumgrey); label(scale(0.8)*"$X$", (5,4), N); label(scale(0.8)*"$Y$", (0,0), W); label(scale(0.8)*"$Z$", (10,0), E); label(scale(0.8)*"$A$", (2.5,2.2), W); label(scale(0.8)*"$B$", (7.5,2.2), E); label(scale(0.8)*"$C$", (5,0), S); fill((0,-.8)--(1,-.8)--(1,-.95)--cycle, white);[/asy]

$\textbf{(A)}\ 1\frac{1}2\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 2\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 2\frac{1}2\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 3\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 3\frac{1}2$

Solution 1

The shaded region is a right trapezoid. Assume WLOG that $YZ=8$. Then because the area of $\triangle XYZ$ is equal to 8, the height of the triangle $XC=2$. Because the line $AB$ is a midsegment, the top base of the trapezoid is $\frac12 AB = \frac14 YZ = 2$. Also, $AB$ divides $XC$ in two, so the height of the trapezoid is $\frac12 (2) = 1$. The bottom base is $\frac12 YZ = 4$. The area of the shaded region is $\frac12 (2+4)(1) = \boxed{\text{(D)}\ 3}$.

Solution 2

Since $A$ and $B$ are the midpoints of $XY$ and $XZ$, respectively, $AY=AX=BX=BZ$. Draw segments $AC$ and $BC$. Drawing an altitude in an isoceles triangle splits the triangle into 2 congruent triangles and we also know that $YC=CZ$. $AB$ is the line that connects the midpoints of two sides of a triangle together, which means that $AB$ is parallel to and half in length of $YZ$. Then $AB=YC=CZ$. Since $AB$ is parallel to $YZ$, and $XY$ is the transversal, $\angle XAB=\angle AYC.$ Similarly, $\angle XBA=\angle BZC.$ Then, by SAS, $\triangle XAB=\triangle AYC=\triangle BZC$. Since corresponding parts of congruent triangles are congruent,$AC=BC=XA$. Since ACY and BCZ are now isosceles triangles, $\angle AYC=\angle ACY$ and $\angle BZC=\angle BCZ$ Using the fact that $AB$ is parallel to $YZ$, $\angle ACY=\angle CAB$ and $\angle BCZ=\angle CBA$. Now $\triangle XAB=\triangle AYC=\triangle BZC=\triangle ABC$. Draw an altitude through each of them such that each triangle is split into two congruent right triangles. Now there are a total of 8 congruent small triangles, each with area 1. The shaded area has three of these triangles, so it has area 3.


Basically the proof is to show $\triangle XAB=\triangle AYC=\triangle BZC=\triangle ABC$. If you just look at the diagram you can easily see that the triangles are congruent and you would solve this a lot faster. Anyways, since those triangles are congruent, you can split each in half to find eight congruent triangles with area 1, and since the shaded region has three of these triangles, its area is $\boxed{\text{(D)}\ 3}$.

Solution 3

We know the area of triangle $XYZ$ is $8$ square inches. The area of a triangle can also be represented as $\frac{bh}{2}$ or in this problem $\frac{XC\cdot YZ}{2}$. By solving, we have \[\frac{XC\cdot YZ}{2} = 8,\] \[XC\cdot YZ = 16.\]

With SAS congruence, triangles $XCY$ and $XCZ$ are congruent. Hence, triangle $XCY = \frac{8}{2} = 4$. (Let's say point $D$ is the intersection between line segments $XC$ and $AB$.) We can find the area of the trapezoid $ADCY$ by subtracting the area of triangle $XAD$ from $4$.

We find the area of triangle $XAD$ by the $\frac{bh}{2}$ formula- $\frac{XD\cdot AD}{2} = \frac{\frac{XC}{2}\cdot AD}{2}$. Line segment $AD$ is half of segment $YC$ using AA similarity between triangles $XDA$ and $XCY$. $AD$ is $\frac{1}{4}$ of $YZ$. The area of $XAD$ is \[\frac{\frac{XC}{2}\cdot \frac{YZ}{4}}{2} = \frac{16}{16} = 1\].

Therefore, the area of the shaded area- trapezoid $ADCY$ has area $4-1 = \boxed{\text{(D)}\ 3}$.


- sarah07

See Also

2002 AMC 8 (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 19 		Followed by
Problem 21
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25
All AJHSME/AMC 8 Problems and Solutions

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