Simon's Favorite Factoring Trick

Introduction

Simon's Favorite Factoring Trick (abbreviated SFFT) is a special factorization first popularized by AoPS user Simon Rubinstein-Salzedo. <url>viewtopic.php?highlight=factoring&t=8215 This</url> appears to be the thread where Simon's favorite factoring trick was first introduced.

Statement of the factorization

The general statement of SFFT is: $\displaystyle {xy}+{xk}+{yj}+{jk}=(x+j)(y+k)$ . Two special cases appear most commonly: $\displaystyle xy + x + y + 1 = (x+1)(y+1)$ and $\displaystyle xy - x - y +1 = (x-1)(y-1)$ .

Applications

This factorization frequently shows up on contest problems, especially those heavy on algebraic manipulation. Usually $\displaystyle {x}$ and $\displaystyle {y}$ are variables and $\displaystyle j,k$ are known constants. Also it is typically necessary to add the $\displaystyle {j}{k}$ term to both sides to perform the factorization.

Problems

Introductory

Two different prime numbers between $4$ and $18$ are chosen. When their sum is subtracted from their product, which of the following numbers could be obtained?