1997 AIME Problems/Problem 12
Problem
The function defined by , where ,, and are nonzero real numbers, has the properties , and for all values except . Find the unique number that is not in the range of .
Contents
Solution
Solution 1
First, we use the fact that for all in the domain. Substituting the function definition, we have , which reduces to In order for this fraction to reduce to , we must have and . From , we get or . The second cannot be true, since we are given that are nonzero. This means , so .
The only value that is not in the range of this function is . To find , we use the two values of the function given to us. We get and . Subtracting the second equation from the first will eliminate , and this results in , so
Alternatively, we could have found out that by using the fact that .
Solution 2
First, we note that is the horizontal asymptote of the function, and since this is a linear function over a linear function, the unique number not in the range of will be . . Without loss of generality, let , so the function becomes .
(Considering as a limit) By the given, . , so . as reaches the vertical asymptote, which is at . Hence . Substituting the givens, we get
Clearly we can discard the positive root, so .
Solution 3
We first note (as before) that the number not in the range of is , as is evidently never 0 (otherwise, would be a constant function, violating the condition ).
We may represent the real number as , with two such column vectors considered equivalent if they are scalar multiples of each other. Similarly, we can represent a function as a matrix . Function composition and evaluation then become matrix multiplication.
Now in general, In our problem . It follows that for some nonzero real . Since it follows that . (In fact, this condition condition is equivalent to the condition that for all in the domain of .)
We next note that the function evaluates to 0 when equals 19 and 97. Therefore Thus , so , our answer.
Solution 4
Any number that is not in the domain of the inverse of cannot be in the range of . Starting with , we rearrange some things to get . Clearly, is the number that is outside the range of .
Since we are given , we have that
All the quadratic terms, linear terms, and constant terms must be equal on both sides for this to be a true statement so we have that .
This solution follows in the same manner as the last paragraph of the first solution.
Solution 5
Since is , it must be symmetric across the line . Also, since , it must touch the line at and . a hyperbola that is a scaled and transformed version of . Write as , and z is our desired answer . Take the basic hyperbola, . The distance between points and is , while the distance between and is , so it is scaled by a factor of . Then, we will need to shift it from to , shifting up by , or , so our answer is . Note that shifting the does not require any change from ; it changes the denominator of the part .
Solution 6
First, notice that , and , so . Now for to be , 0a=-df(x)=\frac{-dx+b}{cx+d}f(19)=19b-19d=361c+19db=361c+38df(97)=97b=9409c+194ddcd=-58cf(x)=\frac{58cx+b}{cx-58c}d=-58cbc58f(x)58cx+b=58cx-(58^2)c\frac{b}{c}+58^2=0\frac{b}{c}\boxed{058}$ - mathleticguyyy
See also
1997 AIME (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | ||
Preceded by Problem 11 |
Followed by Problem 13 | |
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