2018 AMC 12A Problems/Problem 21

Problem

Which of the following polynomials has the greatest real root? $\textbf{(A) } x^{19}+2018x^{11}+1 \qquad \textbf{(B) } x^{17}+2018x^{11}+1 \qquad \textbf{(C) } x^{19}+2018x^{13}+1 \qquad \textbf{(D) } x^{17}+2018x^{13}+1 \qquad \textbf{(E) } 2019x+2018$

Solution 1

We can see that our real solution has to lie in the open interval $(-1,0)$ . From there, note that $x^a < x^b$ if a, b are odd positive integers so $a<b$ , so hence it can only either be B or E(as all of the other polynomials will be larger than the polynomial B). Finally, we can see that plugging in the root of $2019x+2018$ into B gives a negative, and so the answer is $\fbox{B}$ . (cpma213)

Solution 2 (Calculus justification)

Note that $a(-1)=b(-1)=c(-1)=d(-1) < 0$ and $a(0)=b(0)=c(0)=d(0) > 0$ . Calculating the definite integral for each function on the interval $[-1,0]$ we see that $B(x)\rvert^{0}_{-1}$ gives the most negative value. To maximize our real root, we want to maximize the area of the curve under the x-axis, which means we want our integral to be as negative as possible and thus the answer is $\fbox{B}$ .

2018 AMC 12A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by Problem 20	Followed by Problem 22
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All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions

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2018 AMC 12A Problems/Problem 21

Contents

Problem

Solution 1

Solution 2 (Calculus justification)

See Also