2013 AIME I Problems/Problem 10

Problem 10

There are nonzero integers $a$ , $b$ , $r$ , and $s$ such that the complex number $r+si$ is a zero of the polynomial $P(x)={x}^{3}-a{x}^{2}+bx-65$ . For each possible combination of $a$ and $b$ , let ${p}_{a,b}$ be the sum of the zeros of $P(x)$ . Find the sum of the ${p}_{a,b}$ 's for all possible combinations of $a$ and $b$ .

Solution

Since $r+si$ is a root, by the Complex Conjugate Root Theorem, $r-si$ must be the other imaginary root. Using $q$ to represent the rational root, we have

$(x-q)(x-r-si)(x-r+si) = x^3 -ax^2 + bx -65$

Applying difference of squares, and regrouping, we have

$(x-q)(x^2 - 2rx + (r^2 + s^2)) = x^3 -ax^2 + bx -65$

So matching coefficients, we obtain

$q(r^2 + s^2) = 65$

$b = r^2 + s^2 + 2rq$

$a = q + 2r$

By Vieta's each ${p}_{a,b} = a$ so we just need to find the values of $a$ in each pair. We proceed by determining possible values for $q$ , $r$ , and $s$ and using these to determine $a$ and $b$ .

If $q = 1$ , $r^2 + s^2 = 65$ so (r, s) = $(\pm1, \pm 8), (\pm8, \pm 1), (\pm4, \pm 7), (\pm7, \pm 4)$

Similarly, for $q = 5$ , $r^2 + s^2 = 13$ so the pairs $(r,s)$ are $(\pm2, \pm 3), (\pm3, \pm 2)$

For $q = 13$ , $r^2 + s^2 = 5$ so the pairs $(r,s)$ are $(\pm2, \pm 1), (\pm1, \pm 2)$

Then, since only $s^2$ but not $s$ appears in the equations for $a$ and $b$ , we can ignore the plus minus sign for $s$ . The positive and negative values of r will cancel, so the sum of the ${p}_{a,b} = a$ for $q = 1$ is $q$ times the number of distinct $r$ values (as each value of $r$ generates a pair $(a,b)$ ). Our answer is then $(1)(8) + (5)(4) + (13)(4) = \boxed{80}$ .

2013 AIME I (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by Problem 9	Followed by Problem 11
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2013 AIME I Problems/Problem 10

Problem 10

Solution

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