1989 AHSME Problems

Problem 1

$(-1)^{5^{2}}+1^{2^{5}}=$

$\textrm{(A)}\ -7\qquad\textrm{(B)}\ -2\qquad\textrm{(C)}\ 0\qquad\textrm{(D)}\ 1\qquad\textrm{(E)}\ 57$

Problem 2

$\sqrt{\frac{1}{9}+\frac{1}{16}}=$

$\textrm{(A)}\ \frac{1}5\qquad\textrm{(B)}\ \frac{1}4\qquad\textrm{(C)}\ \frac{2}7\qquad\textrm{(D)}\ \frac{5}{12}\qquad\textrm{(E)}\ \frac{7}{12}$

Solution

Problem 3

A square is cut into three rectangles along two lines parallel to a side, as shown. If the perimeter of each of the three rectangles is 24, then the area of the original square is

$[asy] draw((0,0)--(9,0)--(9,9)--(0,9)--cycle); draw((3,0)--(3,9), dashed); draw((6,0)--(6,9), dashed);[/asy]$

$\textrm{(A)}\ 24\qquad\textrm{(B)}\ 36\qquad\textrm{(C)}\ 64\qquad\textrm{(D)}\ 81\qquad\textrm{(E)}\ 96$

Solution

Problem 4

In the figure, $ABCD$ is an isosceles trapezoid with side lengths $AD=BC=5$ , $AB=4$ , and $DC=10$ . The point $C$ is on $\overline{DF}$ and $B$ is the midpoint of hypotenuse $\overline{DE}$ in right triangle $DEF$ . Then $CF=$

$[asy] defaultpen(fontsize(10)); pair D=origin, A=(3,4), B=(7,4), C=(10,0), E=(14,8), F=(14,0); draw(B--C--F--E--B--A--D--B^^C--D, linewidth(0.7)); dot(A^^B^^C^^D^^E^^F); pair point=(5,3); label("$A$", A, N); label("$B$", B, N); label("$C$", C, S); label("$D$", D, S); label("$E$", E, dir(point--E)); label("$F$", F, dir(point--F)); markscalefactor=0.05; draw(rightanglemark(E,F,D), linewidth(0.7));[/asy]$

$\textrm{(A)}\ 3.25\qquad\textrm{(B)}\ 3.5\qquad\textrm{(C)}\ 3.75\qquad\textrm{(D)}\ 4.0\qquad\textrm{(E)}\ 4.25$

Solution

Problem 5

Toothpicks of equal length are used to build a rectangular grid as shown. If the grid is 20 toothpicks high and 10 toothpicks wide, then the number of toothpicks used is

$[asy] real xscl = 1.2; int[] x = {0,1,2,4,5},y={0,1,3,4,5}; for(int a:x){ for(int b:y) { dot((a*xscl,b)); } } for(int a:x) { pair prev = (a,y[0]); for(int i = 1;i<y.length;++i) { pair p = (a,y[i]); pen pen = linewidth(.7); if(y[i]-prev.y!=1){ pen+=dotted; } draw((xscl*prev.x,prev.y)--(xscl*p.x,p.y),pen); prev = p; } }for(int a:y) { pair prev = (x[0],a); for(int i = 1;i<x.length;++i) { pair p = (x[i],a); pen pen = linewidth(.7); if(x[i]-prev.x!=1){ pen+=dotted; } draw((xscl*prev.x,prev.y)--(p.x*xscl,p.y),pen); prev = p; } } path lblx = (0,-.7)--(5*xscl,-.7); draw(lblx); label("$10$",lblx); path lbly = (5*xscl+.7,0)--(5*xscl+.7,5); draw(lbly); label("$20$",lbly);[/asy]$

$\textrm{(A)}\ 30\qquad\textrm{(B)}\ 200\qquad\textrm{(C)}\ 410\qquad\textrm{(D)}\ 420\qquad\textrm{(E)}\ 430$

Solution

Problem 6

If $a,\,b>0$ and the triangle in the first quadrant bounded by the coordinate axes and the graph of $ax+by=6$ has area $6$ , then $ab=$

$\textrm{(A)}\ 3\qquad\textrm{(B)}\ 6\qquad\textrm{(C)}\ 12\qquad\textrm{(D)}\ 108\qquad\textrm{(E)}\ 432$

Solution

Problem 7

In $\triangle ABC$ , $\angle A = 100^\circ$ , $\angle B = 50^\circ$ , $\angle C = 30^\circ$ , $\overline{AH}$ is an altitude, and $\overline{BM}$ is a median. Then $\angle MHC=$

$[asy] draw((0,0)--(16,0)--(6,6)--cycle); draw((6,6)--(6,0)--(11,3)--(0,0)); dot((6,6)); dot((0,0)); dot((11,3)); dot((6,0)); dot((16,0)); label("A", (6,6), N); label("B", (0,0), W); label("C", (16,0), E); label("H", (6,0), S); label("M", (11,3), NE);[/asy]$

$\textrm{(A)}\ 15^\circ\qquad\textrm{(B)}\ 22.5^\circ\qquad\textrm{(C)}\ 30^\circ\qquad\textrm{(D)}\ 40^\circ\qquad\textrm{(E)}\ 45^\circ$

Solution

Problem 8

For how many integers $n$ between $1$ and $100$ does $x^{2}+x-n$ factor into the product of two linear factors with integer coefficients?

$\textrm{(A)}\ 0\qquad\textrm{(B)}\ 1\qquad\textrm{(C)}\ 2\qquad\textrm{(D)}\ 9\qquad\textrm{(E)}\ 10$

Solution

Problem 9

Mr. and Mrs. Zeta want to name their baby Zeta so that its monogram (first, middle, and last initials) will be in alphabetical order with no letter repeated. How many such monograms are possible?

$\textrm{(A)}\ 276\qquad\textrm{(B)}\ 300\qquad\textrm{(C)}\ 552\qquad\textrm{(D)}\ 600\qquad\textrm{(E)}\ 15600$

Solution

Problem 10

Consider the sequence defined recursively by $u_{1}= a$ (any positive integer), and $u_{n+1}=\frac{-1}{u_{n}+1}$ , $n = 1,2,3,\cdots$ . For which of the following values of $n$ must $u_{n}=a$ ?

$\textrm{(A)}\ 14\qquad\textrm{(B)}\ 15\qquad\textrm{(C)}\ 16\qquad\textrm{(D)}\ 17\qquad\textrm{(E)}\ 18$

Solution

Problem 11

Let $a$ , $b$ , $c$ , and $d$ be positive integers with $a < 2b$ , $b < 3c$ , and $c<4d$ . If $d<100$ , the largest possible value for $a$ is

$\textrm{(A)}\ 2367\qquad\textrm{(B)}\ 2375\qquad\textrm{(C)}\ 2391\qquad\textrm{(D)}\ 2399\qquad\textrm{(E)}\ 2400$

Solution

Problem 12

The traffic on a certain east-west highway moves at a constant speed of 60 miles per hour in both directions. An eastbound driver passes 20 west-bound vehicles in a five-minute interval. Assume vehicles in the westbound lane are equally spaced. Which of the following is closest to the number of westbound vehicles present in a 100-mile section of highway?

$\textrm{(A)}\ 100\qquad\textrm{(B)}\ 120\qquad\textrm{(C)}\ 200\qquad\textrm{(D)}\ 240\qquad\textrm{(E)}\ 400$

Solution

Problem 13

Two strips of width 1 overlap at an angle of $\alpha$ as shown. The area of the overlap (shown shaded) is

$[asy] pair a = (0,0),b= (6,0),c=(0,1),d=(6,1); transform t = rotate(-45,(3,.5)); pair e = t*a,f=t*b,g=t*c,h=t*d; pair i = intersectionpoint(a--b,e--f),j=intersectionpoint(a--b,g--h),k=intersectionpoint(c--d,e--f),l=intersectionpoint(c--d,g--h); draw(a--b^^c--d^^e--f^^g--h); filldraw(i--j--l--k--cycle,blue); label("$\alpha$",i+(-.5,.2)); //commented out labeling because it doesn't look right. //path lbl1 = (a+(.5,.2))--(c+(.5,-.2)); //draw(lbl1); //label("$1$",lbl1);[/asy]$

$\textrm{(A)}\ \sin\alpha\qquad\textrm{(B)}\ \frac{1}{\sin\alpha}\qquad\textrm{(C)}\ \frac{1}{1-\cos\alpha}\qquad\textrm{(D)}\ \frac{1}{\sin^{2}\alpha}\qquad\textrm{(E)}\ \frac{1}{(1-\cos\alpha)^{2}}$

Solution

Problem 14

$\cot 10+\tan 5 =$

$\textrm{(A)}\ \csc 5\qquad\textrm{(B)}\ \csc 10\qquad\textrm{(C)}\ \sec 5\qquad\textrm{(D)}\ \sec 10\qquad\textrm{(E)}\ \sin 15$

Solution

Problem 15

In $\triangle ABC$ , $AB=5$ , $BC=7$ , $AC=9$ , and $D$ is on $\overline{AC}$ with $BD=5$ . Find the ratio of $AD:DC$ .

$[asy] draw((3,4)--(0,0)--(9,0)--(3,4)--(6,0)); dot((0,0)); dot((9,0)); dot((3,4)); dot((6,0)); label("A", (0,0), W); label("B", (3,4), N); label("C", (9,0), E); label("D", (6,0), S);[/asy]$

$\textrm{(A)}\ 4:3\qquad\textrm{(B)}\ 7:5\qquad\textrm{(C)}\ 11:6\qquad\textrm{(D)}\ 13:5\qquad\textrm{(E)}\ 19:8$

Solution

Problem 16

A lattice point is a point in the plane with integer coordinates. How many lattice points are on the line segment whose endpoints are (3,17) and (48,281)? (Include both endpoints of the segment in your count.)

$\textrm{(A)}\ 2\qquad\textrm{(B)}\ 4\qquad\textrm{(C)}\ 6\qquad\textrm{(D)}\ 16\qquad\textrm{(E)}\ 46$

Solution

Problem 17

The perimeter of an equilateral triangle exceeds the perimeter of a square by $1989$ cm. The length of each side of the triangle exceeds the length of each side of the square by $d$ cm. The square has perimeter greater than 0. How many positive integers are NOT a possible value for $d$ ?

$\textrm{(A)}\ 0\qquad\textrm{(B)}\ 9\qquad\textrm{(C)}\ 221\qquad\textrm{(D)}\ 663\qquad\textrm{(E)}\ \text{infinitely many}$

Solution

Problem 18

The set of all numbers x for which $x+\sqrt{x^{2}+1}-\frac{1}{x+\sqrt{x^{2}+1}}$ is a rational number is the set of all:

$\textrm{(A)}\ \text{ integers }x\qquad\textrm{(B)}\ \text{ rational }x\qquad\textrm{(C)}\ \text{ real }x\qquad\textrm{(D)}\ x\text{ for which }\sqrt{x^{2}+1}\text{ is rational}\qquad\textrm{(E)}\ x\text{ for which }x+\sqrt{x^{2}+1}\text{ is rational }$

Solution

Problem 19

A triangle is inscribed in a circle. The vertices of the triangle divide the circle into three arcs of lengths $3$ , $4$ , and $5$ . What is the area of the triangle?

$\textrm{(A)}\ 6\qquad\textrm{(B)}\ \frac{18}{\pi^{2}}\qquad\textrm{(C)}\ \frac{9}{\pi^{2}}\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)\qquad\textrm{(D)}\ \frac{9}{\pi^{2}}\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)\qquad\textrm{(E)}\ \frac{9}{\pi^{2}}\left(\sqrt{3}+3\right)$

Solution

Problem 20

Let $x$ be a real number selected uniformly at random between 100 and 200. If $\lfloor {\sqrt{x}} \rfloor = 12$ , find the probability that $\lfloor {\sqrt{100x}} \rfloor = 120$ . ( $\lfloor {v} \rfloor$ means the greatest integer less than or equal to $v$ .)

$\text{(A)} \ \frac{2}{25} \qquad \text{(B)} \ \frac{241}{2500} \qquad \text{(C)} \ \frac{1}{10} \qquad \text{(D)} \ \frac{96}{625} \qquad \text{(E)} \ 1$

Solution

Problem 21

Solution

Problem 22

Solution

Problem 23

Solution

Problem 24

Five people are sitting at a round table. Let $f\geq 0$ be the number of people sitting next to at least 1 female and $m\geq0$ be the number of people sitting next to at least one male. The number of possible ordered pairs $(f,m)$ is

$\mathrm{(A) \ 7 } \qquad \mathrm{(B) \ 8 } \qquad \mathrm{(C) \ 9 } \qquad \mathrm{(D) \ 10 } \qquad \mathrm{(E) \ 11 }$

Solution

Problem 25

Solution

Problem 26

A regular octahedron is formed by joining the centers of adjoining faces of a cube. The ratio of the volume of the octahedron to the volume of the cube is

$\mathrm{(A) \frac{\sqrt{3}}{12} } \qquad \mathrm{(B) \frac{\sqrt{6}}{16} } \qquad \mathrm{(C) \frac{1}{6} } \qquad \mathrm{(D) \frac{\sqrt{2}}{8} } \qquad \mathrm{(E) \frac{1}{4} }$