Algebraic geometry

Algebraic geometry is the study of solutions of polynomial equations by means of abstract algebra, and in particular ring theory. Algebraic geometry is most easily done over algebraically closed fields, but it can also be done more generally over any field or even over rings.

Affine Algebraic Varieties

One of the first basic objects studied in algebraic geometry is a variety. Let $\mathbb{A}^k$ denote affine $k$ -space, i.e. a vector space of dimension $k$ over an algebraically closed field, such as the field $\mathbb{C}$ of complex numbers. (We can think of this as $k$ -dimensional "complex Euclidean" space.) Let $R=\mathbb{C}[X_1,\ldots,X_k]$ be the polynomial ring in $k$ variables, and let $I$ be a maximal ideal of $R$ . Then $V(I)=\{p\in\mathbb{A}^k\mid f(p)=0\mathrm{\ for\ all\ } f\in I\}$ is called an affine algebraic variety.

Projective Varieties

Let k be a field. A projective variety over k is a projective scheme over k. Projective varieties are algebraic varieties.

Schemes

Let $A$ be a ring and $X=\operatorname{Spec}A$ . An affine scheme is a ringed topological space isomorphic to some $(\operatorname{Spec }A,\mathcal{O}_{\operatorname{Spec}A})$ . A scheme is a ringed topological space $(X,\mathcal{O}_X)$ admitting an open covering $\{U_i\}_i$ such that $(U_i,\mathcal{O}_{X|U_i})$ is an affine scheme for every $i$ .

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Algebraic geometry

Affine Algebraic Varieties

Projective Varieties

Schemes