2023 AMC 10A Problems/Problem 18

Problem

A rhombic dodecahedron is a solid with congruent rhombus faces. At every vertex, or edges meet, depending on the vertex. How many vertices have exactly edges meet?

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Solution 1

Note Euler's formula where V+F-E=2. There are 12 faces and the number of edges is 24 because there are 12 faces each with four edges and each edge is shared by two faces. Now we know that there are 14 vertices on the figure. Let A be the number of vertices with degree 3 and B be the number of vertices with degree 4. A+B=14 is our first equation. Now note that the sum of the degrees of all the points is twice the number of edges. Now we know 3A+4B=48. Solving this system of equations gives B=6 and A = 8 so the answer is D. ~aiden22gao

Solution 2.

With 12 rhombus, there are 12*4 sides. All the sides are shared by 2 faces. Thus we have 24 shared sides/ edges.

Let a be the number of edges with 3 vertices and b be the number of edges with 4 verticies We got 3a + 4b = 48. With Euler's formula, v-3+f=2. v-24+12=2, v=14. Thus, a+b= 14. Solving the 2 equations, we got a = 8, b = 12.

Even without Euler's formula, we observe that a must be even integers, so trying even integer choices and we also get a = 8. Or with a keener number theory eye, we mod 4 on both side, leaving 3x mod 4 + 0 = 0. Thus x, must be divisible by 4.

~Technodoggo

Solution 3

Note that Euler's formula is . We know from the question. We also know because every face has edges and every edge is shared by faces. We can solve for the vertices based on this information.

Using the formula we can find: Let be the number of vertices with edges and be the number of vertices with edges. We know from the question and . The second equation is because the total number of points is because there are 12 rhombuses of vertices. Now, we just have to solve a system of equations. Our answer is simply just , which is ~musicalpenguin