Problem

A $10\times10\times10$ grid of points consists of all points in space of the form $(i,j,k)$ , where $i$ , $j$ , and $k$ are integers between $1$ and $10$ , inclusive. Find the number of different lines that contain exactly $8$ of these points.

Solution 1

$Case \textrm{ } 1:$ The lines are not parallel to the faces

A line through the point $(a,b,c)$ must contain $(a \pm 1, b \pm 1, c \pm 1)$ on it as well, as otherwise, the line would not pass through more than 5 points. This corresponds to the 4 diagonals of the cube.

We look at the one from $(1,1,1)$ to $(10,10,10)$ . The lower endpoint of the desired lines must contain both a 1 and a 3, so it can be $(1,1,3), (1,2,3), (1,3,3)$ . If $\textrm{min} > 0$ then the point $(a-1,b-1,c-1)$ will also be on the line for example, 3 applies to the other end.

Accounting for permutations, there are $12$ ways, so there are $12 \cdot 4 = 48$ different lines for this case.

$Case \textrm{ } 2:$ The lines where the $x$ , $y$ , or $z$ is the same for all the points on the line.

WLOG, let the $x$ value stay the same throughout. Let the line be parallel to the diagonal from $(1,1,1)$ to $(1,10,10)$ . For the line to have 8 points, the $y$ and $z$ must be 1 and 3 in either order, and the $x$ value can be any value from 1 to 10. In addition, this line can be parallel to 6 face diagonals. So we get $2 \cdot 10 \cdot 6 = 120$ possible lines for this case.

The answer is, therefore, $120 + 48 = \boxed{168}$

Solution by stephcurry added to the wiki by Thedoge edited by Rapurt9 and phoenixfire

Solution 2

Look at one pair of opposite faces of the cube. There are $4$ lines say $l_1, l_2, l_3, l_4$ with exactly $8$ collinear points on the top face. For each of these lines, draw a rectangular plane that consists of one of the $l_i$ for $1 \leq i \leq 4$ and perpendicular to the top face.

There are $16$ lines in total on this plane. $10$ of which are parallel to one of the edges of the rectangular plane and $6$ of which are diagonals. There are $3$ pairs of opposite faces. So $3 \cdot 4 \cdot 16=192$ lines.

But we are overcounting the lines of the diagonals of those rectangular planes twice. There are $4$ rectangular planes perpendicular to one pair of opposite faces. Thus $4 \cdot 6=24$ lines are overcounted.

So the answer is $192-24=\boxed{168}$ .

Solution by phoenixfire

Solution 3

Considered the cases $(1, 2, ..., 8), (2, 3, ...,9), (3, 4, ..., 10)$ and reverse. Also, consider the constant subsequences of length 8 $(1, 1, ..., 1), (2, 2, ..., 2), ..., (10, 10, ..., 10)$ . Of all the triplets that work they cannot be extended to form another point on the line in the $10 \times 10 \times 10$ grid but we need to divide by 2 because reversing all the subsequences gives the same line. Thus the answer is $\frac{16^3 - 14^3 - 14^3 + 12^3}{2} = \boxed{168}$

Video Solution

https://youtu.be/wgaJMSo61_o

~MathProblemSolvingSkills.com

2017 AIME II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
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2017 AIME II Problems/Problem 14

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Solution 1

Solution 2

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