Difference between revisions of "Fermat's Last Theorem"
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==History== | ==History== | ||
| − | Fermat's | + | Fermat's Last Theorem was proposed by [[Pierre Fermat]] in the <math>1600s</math> in the margin of his copy of the book ''Arithmetica''. The note in the margin (when translated) read: "It is impossible for a [[perfect cube | cube]] to be the sum of two cubes, a fourth power to be the sum of two fourth powers, or in general for any number that is a power greater than the second to be the sum of two like powers. ''I have discovered a truly marvelous demonstration of this proposition that this margin is too narrow to contain.''" |
| − | Many mathematicians today doubt that Fermat actually had a proof for | + | Many mathematicians today doubt that Fermat actually had a proof for this theorem. If he did have one, he never published it, though he did publish a proof for the case <math>n=4</math>. It seems unlikely that he would have circulated a proof for the special case when he had a general solution. Some think that Fermat's proof was flawed, and that he saw the flaw after a time. |
| − | this theorem. If he did have one, he never published it, though he did | ||
| − | |||
| − | circulated a proof for the special case when he had a general solution. | ||
| − | Some think that Fermat's proof was flawed, and that he saw the flaw | ||
| − | after a time. | ||
| − | Some mathematicians have suggested that Fermat had a proof that | + | Some mathematicians have suggested that Fermat had a proof that relied on unique factorization in [[ring]]s of the form <math>\mathbb{Z}[\sqrt[n]{-1}]</math>. Unfortunately, this is not often the case. In fact, it has now been known for some time how to solve the problem when this is the case. |
| − | relied on unique factorization in [[ring]]s of the form | ||
| − | <math>\mathbb{Z}[\sqrt[n]{-1}]</math>. Unfortunately, this is not often the | ||
| − | case. In fact, it has now been known for some time how to solve | ||
| − | the problem when this is the case. | ||
| − | Despite Fermat's claim that a simple proof existed, the theorem wasn't proven until [[Andrew Wiles]] did so in 1993. Wiles's proof was the culmination | + | Despite Fermat's claim that a simple proof existed, the theorem wasn't proven until [[Andrew Wiles]] did so in <math>1993.</math> Wiles's proof was the culmination of decades of work in number theory. Interestingly enough, Wiles's proof was much more modern than anything Fermat could have produced himself. It exploited connections between [[modular form]]s and [[elliptic curve]]s. |
| − | of decades of work in number theory. Interestingly enough, Wiles's proof was much more modern than anything Fermat could have produced himself. It | ||
| − | exploited connections between [[modular form]]s and [[elliptic curve]]s. | ||
| − | In some sense, Fermat's last theorem is a dead end: it has led to few | + | In some sense, Fermat's last theorem is a dead end: it has led to few new mathematical consequences. However, the search for the proof of the theorem generated whole new areas of mathematics. In this sense, it was a good, productive problem. |
| − | new mathematical consequences. However, the search for the proof of the | ||
| − | theorem generated whole new areas of mathematics. In this sense, | ||
| − | it was a good, productive problem. | ||
| − | The [[ABC Conjecture]] is a far-reaching conjecture that implies | + | The [[ABC Conjecture]] is a far-reaching conjecture that implies Fermat's Last Theorem for <math>n \ge 7</math>. It is one of the most famous still-open problems in number theory, although a proof has been announced and is being verified (current as of August <math>2013</math>). |
| − | Fermat's Last Theorem for <math>n \ge 7</math>. It is one of the most famous | ||
| − | still-open problems in number theory. | ||
== Resources == | == Resources == | ||
Revision as of 15:59, 18 August 2013
Fermat's Last Theorem is a recently proven theorem stating that for positive integers 
with 
, there are no solutions to the equation 
.
History
Fermat's Last Theorem was proposed by Pierre Fermat in the 
in the margin of his copy of the book Arithmetica. The note in the margin (when translated) read: "It is impossible for a cube to be the sum of two cubes, a fourth power to be the sum of two fourth powers, or in general for any number that is a power greater than the second to be the sum of two like powers. I have discovered a truly marvelous demonstration of this proposition that this margin is too narrow to contain."
Many mathematicians today doubt that Fermat actually had a proof for this theorem. If he did have one, he never published it, though he did publish a proof for the case 
. It seems unlikely that he would have circulated a proof for the special case when he had a general solution. Some think that Fermat's proof was flawed, and that he saw the flaw after a time.
Some mathematicians have suggested that Fermat had a proof that relied on unique factorization in rings of the form ![$\mathbb{Z}[\sqrt[n]{-1}]$](http://latex.artofproblemsolving.com/4/5/3/45382108f0b8b08fde3ff55f436a0255f25dca4e.png)
. Unfortunately, this is not often the case. In fact, it has now been known for some time how to solve the problem when this is the case.
Despite Fermat's claim that a simple proof existed, the theorem wasn't proven until Andrew Wiles did so in 
Wiles's proof was the culmination of decades of work in number theory. Interestingly enough, Wiles's proof was much more modern than anything Fermat could have produced himself. It exploited connections between modular forms and elliptic curves.
In some sense, Fermat's last theorem is a dead end: it has led to few new mathematical consequences. However, the search for the proof of the theorem generated whole new areas of mathematics. In this sense, it was a good, productive problem.
The ABC Conjecture is a far-reaching conjecture that implies Fermat's Last Theorem for 
. It is one of the most famous still-open problems in number theory, although a proof has been announced and is being verified (current as of August 
).
