Art of Problem Solving
AoPS Online
Math texts, online classes, and more
for students in grades 5-12.
Visit AoPS Online ‚
Books for Grades 5-12 Online Courses
Beast Academy
Engaging math books and online learning
for students ages 6-13.
Visit Beast Academy ‚
Books for Ages 6-13 Beast Academy Online
AoPS Academy
Small live classes for advanced math
and language arts learners in grades 2-12.
Visit AoPS Academy ‚
Find a Physical Campus Visit the Virtual Campus

Difference between revisions of "2008 AIME II Problems/Problem 5"

(→‎Solution 2)
(→‎Solution 3: tex cleanup)
Line 76: Line 76:
  
 
=== Solution 3 ===
 
=== Solution 3 ===
−
If you drop perpendiculars from B and C to AD, and call the points if you drop perpendiculars from B and C to AD and call the points where they meet AD E and F respectively and call FD = x and EA = <math>1008-x</math> , then you can solve an equation in tangents. Since <math>\angle{A} = 37</math> and <math>\angle{D} = 53</math>, you can solve the equation:
+
If you drop perpendiculars from <math>B</math> and <math>C</math> to <math>AD</math>, and call the points if you drop perpendiculars from <math>B</math> and <math>C</math> to <math>\overline{AD}</math> and call the points where they meet <math>\overline{AD}</math>, <math>E</math> and <math>F</math> respectively and call <math>FD = x</math> and <math>EA = 1008-x</math> , then you can solve an equation in tangents. Since <math>\angle{A} = 37</math> and <math>\angle{D} = 53</math>, you can solve the equation [by cross-multiplication]:
  
−
<math>\tan{37}\times (1008-x) = \tan{53} \times x</math>.
+
<cmath>\begin{align*}\tan{37}\times (1008-x) &= \tan{53} \times x\\
 +
\frac{(1008-x)}{x} &= \frac{\tan{53}}{\tan{37}} = \frac{\sin{53}}{\cos{53}} \times\frac{\sin{37}}{\cos{37}}\end{align*}</cmath>
  
−
Now if you cross multiply, you get the equation:
+
However, we know that <math>\cos{90-x} = sin{x}</math> and <math>\sin{90-x} = cos{x}</math> are co-functions. Applying this,
  
−
<math>\frac{(1008-x)}{x} = \frac{\tan{53}}{\tan{37}} = \frac{\sin{53}}{\cos{53}} \times\frac{\sin{37}}{\cos{37}}</math>
+
<cmath>\begin{align*}\frac{(1008-x)}{x} &= \frac{\sin^2{53}}{\cos^2{53}} \\
−
 
+
x\sin^2{53} &= 1008\cos^2{53} - x\cos^2{53}\\
−
However, we know that <math>\cos{90-x} = sin{x}</math> and <math>\sin{90-x} = cos{x}</math>. So if we apply that, we end up with the equation:
+
x(\sin^2{53}  + \cos^2{53}) &= 1008\cos^2{53}\\
−
 
+
x = 1008\cos^2{53} &\Longrightarrow 1008-x = 1008\sin^2{53}
−
<math>\frac{(1008-x)}{x} = \frac{\sin^2{53}}{\cos^2{53}}</math>.
+
\end{align*}</cmath>
−
 
+
Now, if we can find <math>1004 - (EA + 500)</math>, and the height of the trapezoid, we can create a right triangle and use the [[Pythagorean Theorem]] to find <math>MN</math>.  
−
so if we cross multiply again, we get:
 
−
 
 
−
<math>x\sin^2{53} = 1008\cos^2{53} - x\cos^2{53}</math>
 
−
<math>x(\sin^2{53}  + \cos^2{53}) = 1008\cos^2{53}</math>
 
−
<math>x = 1008\cos^2{53}</math>,
 
−
<math>1008-x = 1008\sin^2{53}</math>.
 
−
 
 
−
Now, if we can find <math>1004 - (EA + 500)</math>, and the height of the trapezoid, we can create a right triangle and use the Pythagorean Theorem to find <math>MN</math>.  
 
  
 
The leg of the right triangle along the horizontal is:
 
The leg of the right triangle along the horizontal is:
  
−
<math>1004 - 1008\sin^2{53} - 500 = 504 - 1008\sin^2{53}</math>.
+
<cmath>1004 - 1008\sin^2{53} - 500 = 504 - 1008\sin^2{53}.</cmath>
  
 
Now to find the other leg of the right triangle (also the height of the trapezoid), we can simplify the following expression:
 
Now to find the other leg of the right triangle (also the height of the trapezoid), we can simplify the following expression:
  
−
<math>\tan{37} \times 1008 \sin^2{53}</math>
+
<cmath>\begin{align*}\tan{37} \times 1008 \sin^2{53}
−
=<math>\tan{37} \times 1008 \cos^2{37}</math>
+
= \tan{37} \times 1008 \cos^2{37}
−
=<math>1008\cos{37}\sin{37}</math>
+
= 1008\cos{37}\sin{37}
−
=<math>504\sin74</math>
+
= 504\sin74\end{align*}</cmath>
−
 
 
−
Now we used Pythagorean Theorem and get that MN is equal to:
 
−
 
 
−
<math>\sqrt{(1008\sin^2{53} + 500 -1004)^2 + (504\sin{74})^2}</math>
 
−
 
 
−
=<math>504\sqrt{1-2\sin^2{53} + \sin^2{74}}</math>
 
  
−
However,
+
Now we used Pythagorean Theorem and get that <math>MN</math> is equal to:
−
<math>1-2\sin^2{53}</math>= <math>\cos^2{106}</math>
 
  
−
and <math>\sin^2{74} = \sin^2{106}</math>
+
<cmath>
 +
\begin{align*}&\sqrt{(1008\sin^2{53} + 500 -1004)^2 + (504\sin{74})^2} = 504\sqrt{1-2\sin^2{53} + \sin^2{74}}
 +
\end{align*}
 +
</cmath>
  
−
so now we end up with:
+
However, <math>1-2\sin^2{53} = \cos^2{106}</math> and <math>\sin^2{74} = \sin^2{106}</math> so now we end up with:
  
−
<math>504\sqrt{\cos^2{106} + \sin^2{106}}</math>
+
<cmath>504\sqrt{\cos^2{106} + \sin^2{106}} =\fbox{504}.</cmath>
−
=<math>504\sqrt{1}</math>
 
−
=<math>\fbox{504}</math>
 
  
 
== See also ==
 
== See also ==

Revision as of 11:06, 8 June 2008

Problem 5

In trapezoid $ABCD$ with $\overline{BC}\parallel\overline{AD}$, let $BC = 1000$ and $AD = 2008$. Let $\angle A = 37^\circ$, $\angle D = 53^\circ$, and $M$ and $N$ be the midpoints of $\overline{BC}$ and $\overline{AD}$, respectively. Find the length $MN$.

Solution

Solution 1

Extend $\overline{AD}$ and $\overline{BC}$ to meet at a point $E$. Then $\angle AED = 180 - 53 - 37 = 90^{\circ}$.

[asy] size(220); defaultpen(0.7+fontsize(10)); real f=100, r=1004/f; pair A=(0,0), D=(2*r, 0), N=(r,0), E=N+r*expi(74*pi/180); pair B=(126*A+125*E)/251, C=(126*D + 125*E)/251; pair[] M = intersectionpoints(N--E,B--C); draw(A--B--C--D--cycle); draw(B--E--C,dashed); draw(M[0]--N); draw(N--E,dashed); draw(rightanglemark(D,E,A,2)); picture p = new picture; draw(p,Circle(N,r),dashed+linewidth(0.5)); clip(p,A--D--D+(0,20)--A+(0,20)--cycle); add(p); label("\(A\)",A,SW); label("\(B\)",B,NW); label("\(C\)",C,NE); label("\(D\)",D,SE); label("\(E\)",E,NE); label("\(M\)",M[0],SW); label("\(N\)",N,S); label("\(1004\)",(N+D)/2,S); label("\(500\)",(M[0]+C)/2,S); [/asy]

Since $\overline{BC} \parallel \overline{AD}$, then $BC$ and $AD$ are homothetic with respect to point $E$ by a ratio of $\frac{BC}{AD} = \frac{125}{251}$. Since the homothety carries the midpoint of $\overline{BC}$, $M$, to the midpoint of $\overline{AD}$, which is $N$, then $E,M,N$ are collinear.

As $\angle AED = 90^{\circ}$, note that the midpoint of $\overline{AD}$, $N$, is the center of the circumcircle of $\triangle AED$. We can do the same with the circumcircle about $\triangle BEC$ and $M$ (or we could apply the homothety to find $ME$ in terms of $NE$). It follows that \[NE = ND = \frac {AD}{2} = 1004, \quad ME = MC = \frac {BC}{2} = 500\] Thus $MN = NE - ME = \boxed{504}$.

Solution 2

[asy] size(220); defaultpen(0.7+fontsize(10)); real f=100, r=1004/f; pair A=(0,0), D=(2*r, 0), N=(r,0), E=N+r*expi(74*pi/180); pair B=(126*A+125*E)/251, C=(126*D + 125*E)/251; pair[] M = intersectionpoints(N--E,B--C); pair F = foot(B,A,D), G=foot(C,A,D), H=foot(M[0],A,D); draw(A--B--C--D--cycle); draw(M[0]--N); draw(B--F,dashed); draw(C--G,dashed); draw(M[0]--H,dashed); label("\(A\)",A,SW); label("\(B\)",B,NW); label("\(C\)",C,NE); label("\(D\)",D,NE); label("\(F\)",F,S); label("\(G\)",G,SW); label("\(M\)",M[0],SW); label("\(N\)",N,S); label("\(H\)",H,S); label("\(x\)",(N+H)/2+(0,1),S); label("\(h\)",(B+F)/2,W); label("\(h\)",(C+G)/2,W); label("\(1000\)",(B+C)/2,NE); label("\(504-x\)",(G+D)/2,S); label("\(504+x\)",(A+F)/2,S); label("\(h\)",(M+H)/2,W); [/asy]

Let $F,G,H$ be the feet of the perpendiculars from $B,C,M$ onto $\overline{AD}$, respectively. Let $x = NH$, so $DG = 1004 - 500 - x = 504 - x$ and $AF = 1004 - (500 - x) = 504 + x$. Also, let $h = BF = CG = HM$.

By AA~, we have that $\triangle AFB \sim \triangle CGD$, and so \[\frac{BF}{AF} = \frac {DG}{CG} \Longleftrightarrow \frac{h}{504+x} = \frac{504-x}{h} \Longrightarrow x^2 + h^2 = 504^2.\]

By the Pythagorean Theorem on $\triangle MHN$, \[MN^{2} = x^2 + h^2 = 504^2,\] so $MN = \boxed{504}$.

Solution 3

If you drop perpendiculars from $B$ and $C$ to $AD$, and call the points if you drop perpendiculars from $B$ and $C$ to $\overline{AD}$ and call the points where they meet $\overline{AD}$, $E$ and $F$ respectively and call $FD = x$ and $EA = 1008-x$ , then you can solve an equation in tangents. Since $\angle{A} = 37$ and $\angle{D} = 53$, you can solve the equation [by cross-multiplication]:

\begin{align*}\tan{37}\times (1008-x) &= \tan{53} \times x\\ \frac{(1008-x)}{x} &= \frac{\tan{53}}{\tan{37}} = \frac{\sin{53}}{\cos{53}} \times\frac{\sin{37}}{\cos{37}}\end{align*}

However, we know that $\cos{90-x} = sin{x}$ and $\sin{90-x} = cos{x}$ are co-functions. Applying this,

\begin{align*}\frac{(1008-x)}{x} &= \frac{\sin^2{53}}{\cos^2{53}} \\ x\sin^2{53} &= 1008\cos^2{53} - x\cos^2{53}\\ x(\sin^2{53} + \cos^2{53}) &= 1008\cos^2{53}\\ x = 1008\cos^2{53} &\Longrightarrow 1008-x = 1008\sin^2{53} \end{align*} Now, if we can find $1004 - (EA + 500)$, and the height of the trapezoid, we can create a right triangle and use the Pythagorean Theorem to find $MN$.

The leg of the right triangle along the horizontal is:

\[1004 - 1008\sin^2{53} - 500 = 504 - 1008\sin^2{53}.\]

Now to find the other leg of the right triangle (also the height of the trapezoid), we can simplify the following expression:

\begin{align*}\tan{37} \times 1008 \sin^2{53} = \tan{37} \times 1008 \cos^2{37} = 1008\cos{37}\sin{37} = 504\sin74\end{align*}

Now we used Pythagorean Theorem and get that $MN$ is equal to:

\begin{align*}&\sqrt{(1008\sin^2{53} + 500 -1004)^2 + (504\sin{74})^2} = 504\sqrt{1-2\sin^2{53} + \sin^2{74}} \end{align*}

However, $1-2\sin^2{53} = \cos^2{106}$ and $\sin^2{74} = \sin^2{106}$ so now we end up with:

\[504\sqrt{\cos^2{106} + \sin^2{106}} =\fbox{504}.\]

See also

2008 AIME II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 4 		Followed by
Problem 6
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15
All AIME Problems and Solutions
Retrieved from "https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php?title=2008_AIME_II_Problems/Problem_5&oldid=26348"