Difference between revisions of "2022 AMC 10B Problems/Problem 9"

Revision as of 02:50, 22 November 2022

Problem

The sum $\frac{1}{2!}+\frac{2}{3!}+\frac{3}{4!}+\dots+\frac{2021}{2022!}$ can be expressed as $a-\frac{1}{b!}$ , where $a$ and $b$ are positive integers. What is $a+b$ ?

$\textbf{(A)}\ 2020 \qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 2021 \qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 2022 \qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 2023 \qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 2024$

Solution 1

Note that $\frac{n}{(n+1)!} = \frac{1}{n!} - \frac{1}{(n+1)!}$ , and therefore this sum is a telescoping sum, which is equivalent to $1 - \frac{1}{2022!}$ . Our answer is $1 + 2022 = \boxed{\textbf{(D)}\ 2023}$ .

~mathboy100

Solution 2

We have $\left(\frac{1}{2!}+\frac{2}{3!}+\dots+\frac{2021}{2022!}\right)+\frac{1}{2022!}=\left(\frac{1}{2!}+\frac{2}{3!}+\dots+\frac{2020}{2021!}\right)+\frac{1}{2021!}$ from canceling a 2022 from $\frac{2021+1}{2022!}$ . This sum clearly telescopes, thus we end up with $\left(\frac{1}{2!}+\frac{2}{3!}\right)+\frac{1}{3!}=\frac{2}{2!}=1$ . Thus the original equation is equal to $1-\frac{1}{2022}$ , and $1+2022=2023$ . $\boxed{\textbf{(D)}\ 2023}$ .

~not_slay (+ minor LaTeX edit ~TaeKim)

Solution 3 (Induction)

By looking for a pattern, we see that $\tfrac{1}{2!} = 1 - \tfrac{1}{2!}$ and $\tfrac{1}{2!} + \tfrac{2}{3!} = \tfrac{5}{6} = 1 - \tfrac{1}{3!}$ , so we can conclude by engineer's induction that the sum in the problem is equal to $1 - \tfrac{1}{2022!}$ , for an answer of $\boxed{\textbf{(D)}\ 2023}$ . This can be proven with actual induction as well; we have already established $2$ base cases, so now assume that $\tfrac{1}{2!} + \tfrac{2}{3!} + \cdots \tfrac{n-1}{n!} = 1 - \tfrac{1}{n!}$ for $n = k$ . For $n = k + 1$ we get $\tfrac{1}{2!} + \tfrac{2}{3!} + \cdots \tfrac{n-1}{n!} + \tfrac{n}{(n+1)!} = 1 - \tfrac{1}{n!} + \tfrac{n}{(n+1)!} = 1 - \tfrac{n+1}{(n+1)!} + \tfrac{n}{(n+1)!} = 1 - \tfrac{1}{(n+1)!}$ , completing the proof. ~eibc

Solution 4

Let $x=\left(\frac{1}{1!}+\frac{1}{2!}+\frac{1}{3!}+\dots+\frac{1}{2022!}\right)$ $\begin{align*} \left(\frac{1}{2!}+\frac{2}{3!}+\frac{3}{4!}+\dots+\frac{2021}{2022!}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{1!}+\frac{1}{2!}+\frac{1}{3!}+\dots+\frac{1}{2022!}\right)&=\left(\frac{1}{1!}+\frac{2}{2!}+\frac{3}{3!}+\dots+\frac{2022}{2022!}\right)\\ \left(\frac{1}{2!}+\frac{2}{3!}+\frac{3}{4!}+\dots+\frac{2021}{2022!}\right)+x&=\left(\frac{1}{0!}+\frac{1}{1!}+\frac{1}{2!}+\dots+\frac{1}{2021!}\right)\\ \left(\frac{1}{2!}+\frac{2}{3!}+\frac{3}{4!}+\dots+\frac{2021}{2022!}\right)+x&=x+1-\frac{1}{2022!}\\ \left(\frac{1}{2!}+\frac{2}{3!}+\frac{3}{4!}+\dots+\frac{2021}{2022!}\right)&=1-\frac{1}{2022!} \end{align*}$ ~lopkiloinm

Solution 5(Combinatorics)

Suppose you are picking a permutation of $2022$ elements. This is same as making what the probability of picking the order of the permutation. When you are picking your last two elements, you do not want to pick a certain element. When you are picking your last three elements, you do not want to pick two certain elements. When you are picking your last four elements, you do not want to pick three certain elements. It ends up being the probability of not picking one certain order and that is of course $1-\frac{1}{2022!}$ . ~lopkiloinm

Video Solution

https://youtu.be/4vdVGYXGvzg

- Whiz

@@ Line 30: / Line 30: @@
 \end{align*}</cmath>~lopkiloinm
 ==Solution 5(Combinatorics)==
-Suppose you are picking a permutation of <math>2022</math> elements. This is same as making what the probability of picking the order of the permutation. When you are picking your last two elements, you do not want to pick a certain element. When you are picking your last three elements, you do not want to pick two certain elements. When you are picking your last four elements, you do not want to pick three certain elements. It ends up being the probability of not picking one certain order and that is of course <math>1-\frac{1}{2022!}</math>
+Suppose you are picking a permutation of <math>2022</math> elements. This is same as making what the probability of picking the order of the permutation. When you are picking your last two elements, you do not want to pick a certain element. When you are picking your last three elements, you do not want to pick two certain elements. When you are picking your last four elements, you do not want to pick three certain elements. It ends up being the probability of not picking one certain order and that is of course <math>1-\frac{1}{2022!}</math>. ~lopkiloinm
 == Video Solution ==

2022 AMC 10B (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by Problem 8	Followed by Problem 10
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