Art of Problem Solving
AoPS Online
Math texts, online classes, and more
for students in grades 5-12.
Visit AoPS Online ‚
Books for Grades 5-12 Online Courses
Beast Academy
Engaging math books and online learning
for students ages 6-13.
Visit Beast Academy ‚
Books for Ages 6-13 Beast Academy Online
AoPS Academy
Small live classes for advanced math
and language arts learners in grades 2-12.
Visit AoPS Academy ‚
Find a Physical Campus Visit the Virtual Campus

Difference between revisions of "2019 AIME I Problems/Problem 13"

(→‎Solution 6 (Stewart's Theorem Bash))
(→‎Solution 6 (Stewart's Theorem Bash))
Line 98: Line 98:
 
==Solution 6 (Stewart's Theorem Bash)==
 
==Solution 6 (Stewart's Theorem Bash)==
  
−
Use the diagram in solution 1 for reference, except ignore the labelled lengths (some differ in terms of variable names and quantities in this solution). Anyway, <math>CX = 5x, XE = 7x, BX = 5a, FX = \frac{4+5a}{3}, DX = \frac{5x}{3}, DE = \frac{16x}{3}</math>. Now using Stewart's Theorem twice, on <math>\triangle{CAX}</math> and <math>\triangle{FEX}</math>, you get two equations. I simplified the equation for <math>\triangle{FEX}</math> to get <math>\frac{560x^2}{9} = \frac{161}{3} + \frac{16(25a^2+40a+16)}{9}</math> since <math>x \neq 0</math>. I also simplified the equation for <math>\triangle{CAX}</math> to get <math>4a \cdot (4+5a) + 5 (4+5a) = 36a+20x^2</math>.
+
Use the diagram in solution 1 for reference, except ignore the labelled lengths (some differ in terms of variable names and quantities in this solution). Anyway, <math>CX = 5x, XE = 7x, BX = 5a, FX = \frac{4+5a}{3}, DX = \frac{5x}{3}, DE = \frac{16x}{3}</math>. Now using Stewart's Theorem twice, on <math>\triangle{CAX}</math> and <math>\triangle{FEX}</math>, you get two equations. I simplified the equation for <math>\triangle{FEX}</math> to get <math>\frac{560x^2}{9} = \frac{161}{3} + \frac{16(25a^2+40a+16)}{9}</math> since <math>x \neq 0</math>. I also simplified the equation for <math>\triangle{CAX}</math> to get <math>4a \cdot (4+5a) + 5 (4+5a) = 36a+20x^2 \implies 4a^2+a+4 = 4x^2</math>.
  
 
~First
 
~First

Revision as of 10:15, 27 March 2022

Problem

Triangle $ABC$ has side lengths $AB=4$, $BC=5$, and $CA=6$. Points $D$ and $E$ are on ray $AB$ with $AB<AD<AE$. The point $F \neq C$ is a point of intersection of the circumcircles of $\triangle ACD$ and $\triangle EBC$ satisfying $DF=2$ and $EF=7$. Then $BE$ can be expressed as $\tfrac{a+b\sqrt{c}}{d}$, where $a$, $b$, $c$, and $d$ are positive integers such that $a$ and $d$ are relatively prime, and $c$ is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find $a+b+c+d$.

Solution 1

[asy] unitsize(20); pair A, B, C, D, E, F, X, O1, O2; A = (0, 0); B = (4, 0); C = intersectionpoints(circle(A, 6), circle(B, 5))[0]; D = B + (5/4 * (1 + sqrt(2)), 0); E = D + (4 * sqrt(2), 0); F = intersectionpoints(circle(D, 2), circle(E, 7))[1]; X = extension(A, E, C, F); O1 = circumcenter(C, A, D); O2 = circumcenter(C, B, E); filldraw(A--B--C--cycle, lightcyan, deepcyan); filldraw(D--E--F--cycle, lightmagenta, deepmagenta); draw(B--D, gray(0.6)); draw(C--F, gray(0.6)); draw(circumcircle(C, A, D), dashed); draw(circumcircle(C, B, E), dashed); dot("$A$", A, dir(A-O1)); dot("$B$", B, dir(240)); dot("$C$", C, dir(120)); dot("$D$", D, dir(40)); dot("$E$", E, dir(E-O2)); dot("$F$", F, dir(270)); dot("$X$", X, dir(140)); label("$6$", (C+A)/2, dir(C-A)*I, deepcyan); label("$5$", (C+B)/2, dir(B-C)*I, deepcyan); label("$4$", (A+B)/2, dir(A-B)*I, deepcyan); label("$7$", (F+E)/2, dir(F-E)*I, deepmagenta); label("$2$", (F+D)/2, dir(D-F)*I, deepmagenta); label("$4\sqrt{2}$", (D+E)/2, dir(E-D)*I, deepmagenta); label("$a$", (B+X)/2, dir(B-X)*I, gray(0.3)); label("$a\sqrt{2}$", (D+X)/2, dir(D-X)*I, gray(0.3)); [/asy]

Notice that \[\angle DFE=\angle CFE-\angle CFD=\angle CBE-\angle CAD=180-B-A=C.\]By the Law of Cosines, \[\cos C=\frac{AC^2+BC^2-AB^2}{2\cdot AC\cdot BC}=\frac34.\]Then, \[DE^2=DF^2+EF^2-2\cdot DF\cdot EF\cos C=32\implies DE=4\sqrt2.\]Let $X=\overline{AB}\cap\overline{CF}$, $a=XB$, and $b=XD$. Then, \[XA\cdot XD=XC\cdot XF=XB\cdot XE\implies b(a+4)=a(b+4\sqrt2)\implies b=a\sqrt2.\]However, since $\triangle XFD\sim\triangle XAC$, $XF=\tfrac{4+a}3$, but since $\triangle XFE\sim\triangle XBC$, \[\frac75=\frac{4+a}{3a}\implies a=\frac54\implies BE=a+a\sqrt2+4\sqrt2=\frac{5+21\sqrt2}4,\]and the requested sum is $5+21+2+4=\boxed{032}$.

(Solution by TheUltimate123)

Solution 2

Define $\omega_1$ to be the circumcircle of $\triangle ACD$ and $\omega_2$ to be the circumcircle of $\triangle EBC$.

Because of exterior angles,

$\angle ACB = \angle CBE - \angle CAD$

But $\angle CBE = \angle CFE$ because $CBFE$ is cyclic. In addition, $\angle CAD = \angle CFD$ because $CAFD$ is cyclic. Therefore, $\angle ACB = \angle CFE - \angle CFD$. But $\angle CFE - \angle CFD = \angle DFE$, so $\angle ACB = \angle DFE$. Using Law of Cosines on $\triangle ABC$, we can figure out that $\cos(\angle ACB) = \frac{3}{4}$. Since $\angle ACB = \angle DFE$, $\cos(\angle DFE) = \frac{3}{4}$. We are given that $DF = 2$ and $FE = 7$, so we can use Law of Cosines on $\triangle DEF$ to find that $DE = 4\sqrt{2}$.

Let $G$ be the intersection of segment $\overline{AE}$ and $\overline{CF}$. Using Power of a Point with respect to $G$ within $\omega_1$, we find that $AG \cdot GD = CG \cdot GF$. We can also apply Power of a Point with respect to $G$ within $\omega_2$ to find that $CG \cdot GF = BG \cdot GE$. Therefore, $AG \cdot GD = BG \cdot GE$.

$AG \cdot GD = BG \cdot GE$

$(AB + BG) \cdot GD = BG \cdot (GD + DE)$

$AB \cdot GD + BG \cdot GD = BG \cdot GD + BG \cdot DE$

$AB \cdot GD = BG \cdot DE$

$4 \cdot GD = BG \cdot 4\sqrt{2}$

$GD = BG \cdot \sqrt{2}$

Note that $\triangle GAC$ is similar to $\triangle GFD$. $GF = \frac{BG + 4}{3}$. Also note that $\triangle GBC$ is similar to $\triangle GFE$, which gives us $GF = \frac{7 \cdot BG}{5}$. Solving this system of linear equations, we get $BG = \frac{5}{4}$. Now, we can solve for $BE$, which is equal to $BG(\sqrt{2} + 1) + 4\sqrt{2}$. This simplifies to $\frac{5 + 21\sqrt{2}}{4}$, which means our answer is $\boxed{032}$.

Solution 3

Construct $FC$ and let $FC\cap AE=K$. Let $FK=x$. Using $\triangle FKE\sim \triangle BKC$, \[BK=\frac{5}{7}x\] Using $\triangle FDK\sim ACK$, it can be found that \[3x=AK=4+\frac{5}{7}x\to x=\frac{7}{4}\] This also means that $BK=\frac{21}{4}-4=\frac{5}{4}$. It suffices to find $KE$. It is easy to see the following: \[180-\angle ABC=\angle KBC=\angle KFE\] Using reverse Law of Cosines on $\triangle ABC$, $\cos{\angle ABC}=\frac{1}{8}\to \cos{180-\angle ABC}=\frac{-1}{8}$. Using Law of Cosines on $\triangle EFK$ gives $KE=\frac{21\sqrt 2}{4}$, so $BE=\frac{5+21\sqrt 2}{4}\to \textbf{032}$. -franchester

Solution 4 (No <C = <DFE, no LoC)

Let $P=AE\cap CF$. Let $CP=5x$ and $BP=5y$; from $\triangle{CBP}\sim\triangle{EFP}$ we have $EP=7x$ and $FP=7y$. From $\triangle{CAP}\sim\triangle{DFP}$ we have $\frac{6}{4+5y}=\frac{2}{7y}$ giving $y=\frac{1}{4}$. So $BP=\frac{5}{4}$ and $FP=\frac{7}{4}$. These similar triangles also gives us $DP=\frac{5}{3}x$ so $DE=\frac{16}{3}x$. Now, Stewart's Theorem on $\triangle{FEP}$ and cevian $FD$ tells us that \[\frac{560}{9}x^3+28x=\frac{49}{3}x+\frac{245}{3}x,\]so $x=\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{4}$. Then $BE=\frac{5}{4}+7x=\frac{5+21\sqrt{2}}{4}$ so the answer is $\boxed{032}$ as desired. (Solution by Trumpeter, but not added to the Wiki by Trumpeter)

Solution 5

Connect $CF$ meeting $AE$ at $J$. We can observe that $\triangle{ACJ}\sim \triangle{FJD}$ Getting that $\frac{AJ}{FJ}=\frac{AC}{FD}=3$. We can also observe that $\triangle{CBJ}\sim \triangle{EFJ}$, getting that $\frac{CB}{EF}=\frac{BJ}{FJ}=\frac{CJ}{EJ}=\frac{5}{7}$

Assume that $BJ=5x;FJ=7x$, since $\frac{AJ}{FJ}=3$, we can get that $\frac{AJ}{FJ}=\frac{AB+BJ}{FJ}=\frac{4+5x}{7x}=3$, getting that $x=\frac{1}{4}; BJ=\frac{5}{4}; FJ=\frac{7}{4}$

Using Power of Point, we can get that $BJ * EJ=CJ*FJ; DJ * AJ=CJ * FJ$ Assume that $DJ=5k,CJ=15k$, getting that $JE=21k, DE=16k$

Now applying Law of Cosine on two triangles, $\triangle{ACJ};\triangle{FJE}$ separately, we can get two equations

$(1): (15k)^2+(\frac{21}{4})^2-2*15k *\frac{21}{4} * cos\angle{CJA}=36$

$(2):(21k)^2+(\frac{7}{4})^2-2*\frac{7}{4} * 21k*cos\angle{FJE}=49$

Since $\angle{CJA}=\angle{FJE}$, we can use $15(2)-7(1)$ to eliminate the $cos$ term

Then we can get that $5040k^2=630$, getting $k=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{4}$

$BE=21k=\frac{21\sqrt{2}}{4}; BJ=\frac{5}{4}$, so the desired answer is $\frac{21\sqrt{2}+5}{4}$, which leads to the answer $\boxed{32}$

~bluesoul

Solution 6 (Stewart's Theorem Bash)

Use the diagram in solution 1 for reference, except ignore the labelled lengths (some differ in terms of variable names and quantities in this solution). Anyway, $CX = 5x, XE = 7x, BX = 5a, FX = \frac{4+5a}{3}, DX = \frac{5x}{3}, DE = \frac{16x}{3}$. Now using Stewart's Theorem twice, on $\triangle{CAX}$ and $\triangle{FEX}$, you get two equations. I simplified the equation for $\triangle{FEX}$ to get $\frac{560x^2}{9} = \frac{161}{3} + \frac{16(25a^2+40a+16)}{9}$ since $x \neq 0$. I also simplified the equation for $\triangle{CAX}$ to get $4a \cdot (4+5a) + 5 (4+5a) = 36a+20x^2 \implies 4a^2+a+4 = 4x^2$.

~First

See Also

2019 AIME I (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 12 		Followed by
Problem 14
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15
All AIME Problems and Solutions

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions. AMC logo.png

Retrieved from "https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php?title=2019_AIME_I_Problems/Problem_13&oldid=172974"