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Difference between revisions of "2021 Fall AMC 12A Problems/Problem 24"

m (→‎Video Solution and exploration by hurdler)
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<math>\textbf{(A) } 24 \qquad \textbf{(B) } 42 \qquad \textbf{(C) } 60 \qquad \textbf{(D) } 66 \qquad \textbf{(E) } 84</math>
 
<math>\textbf{(A) } 24 \qquad \textbf{(B) } 42 \qquad \textbf{(C) } 60 \qquad \textbf{(D) } 66 \qquad \textbf{(E) } 84</math>
  
−
==Solution==
+
==Solution 1==
  
 
Let <math>E</math> be a point on <math>\overline{AB}</math> such that <math>BCDE</math> is a parallelogram. Suppose that <math>BC=ED=b, CD=BE=c,</math> and <math>DA=d,</math> so <math>AE=18-c,</math> as shown below.
 
Let <math>E</math> be a point on <math>\overline{AB}</math> such that <math>BCDE</math> is a parallelogram. Suppose that <math>BC=ED=b, CD=BE=c,</math> and <math>DA=d,</math> so <math>AE=18-c,</math> as shown below.
Line 65: Line 65:
  
 
~hurdler
 
~hurdler
 +
 +
== Solution 2 ==
 +
Denote <math>x = AD</math>, <math>\theta = \angle B</math>.
 +
Hence, <math>BC = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \frac{x}{\sin \theta}</math>, <math>DC = 18 - \frac{x}{2} - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} x \cot \theta</math>.
 +
 +
<math>\textbf{Case 1}</math>: <math>DC = AD = BC = AB</math>.
 +
 +
This is a rhombus. So each side has length 18.
 +
 +
For the following cases, we consider four sides that have distinct lengths.
 +
To make their lengths an arithmetic sequence, we must have <math>\theta \neq 120^\circ</math>.
 +
 +
Therefore, in the subsequent analysis, we exclude the solution <math>\theta = 120^\circ</math>.
 +
 +
<math>\textbf{Case 2}</math>: <math>DC < AD < BC < AB</math>.
 +
 +
Because the lengths of these sides form an arithmetic sequence, we have the following system of equations:
 +
<cmath>
 +
\[
 +
AB - BC = BC - AD = AD - DC .
 +
\]
 +
</cmath>
 +
 +
Hence,
 +
<cmath>
 +
\begin{eqnarray*}
 +
&
 +
18 - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \frac{x}{\sin \theta}
 +
= \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \frac{x}{\sin \theta} - x
 +
= x - \left( 18 - \frac{x}{2} - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} x \cot \theta \right) .
 +
&
 +
\end{eqnarray*}
 +
</cmath>
 +
 +
By solving this system of equations, we get <math>\left( \cos \theta , \sin \theta , x\right) = \left( \frac{11}{13} , \frac{4 \sqrt{3}}{13} , 8 \right)</math>.
 +
 +
Thus, in this case, <math>DC = 3</math>, <math>AD = 8</math>, <math>BC = 13</math>.
 +
 +
<math>\textbf{Case 3}</math>: <math>DC < BC < AD < AB</math>.
 +
 +
Because the lengths of these sides form an arithmetic sequence, we have the following system of equations:
 +
<cmath>
 +
\[
 +
AB - AD = AD - BC = BC - DC .
 +
\]
 +
</cmath>
 +
 +
Hence,
 +
<cmath>
 +
\begin{eqnarray*}
 +
&
 +
18 - x
 +
= x - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \frac{x}{\sin \theta}
 +
= \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \frac{x}{\sin \theta}  - \left( 18 - \frac{x}{2} - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} x \cot \theta \right) .
 +
&
 +
\end{eqnarray*}
 +
</cmath>
 +
 +
By solving this system of equations, we get <math>\left( \cos \theta , \sin \theta , x\right) = \left( - \frac{1}{7} , \frac{4 \sqrt{3}}{7} , 16 \right)</math>.
 +
 +
Thus, in this case, <math>DC = 12</math>, <math>AD = 16</math>, <math>BC = 14</math>.
 +
 +
<math>\textbf{Case 4}</math>: <math>BC < CD < AD < AB</math>.
 +
 +
By doing the similar analysis, we can show there is no solution in this case.
 +
 +
<math>\textbf{Case 5}</math>: <math>BC < AD < CD < AB</math>.
 +
 +
By doing the similar analysis, we can show there is no solution in this case.
 +
 +
<math>\textbf{Case 6}</math>: <math>AD < CD < BC < AB</math>.
 +
 +
By doing the similar analysis, we can show there is no solution in this case.
 +
 +
<math>\textbf{Case 7}</math>: <math>AD < BC < CD < AB</math>.
 +
 +
By doing the similar analysis, we can show there is no solution in this case.
 +
 +
Therefore, the sum of all possible values of <math>a</math> is
 +
<cmath>
 +
\begin{align*}
 +
18 + \left( 3 + 8 + 13 \right) + \left( 12 + 14 + 16 \right)
 +
& = 84 .
 +
\end{align*}
 +
</cmath>
 +
 +
Therefore, the answer is <math>\boxed{\textbf{(E) }84}</math>.
 +
 +
~Steven Chen (www.professorchenedu.com)
  
 
==Video Solution and Exploration by hurdler==
 
==Video Solution and Exploration by hurdler==

Revision as of 20:56, 25 November 2021

Problem

Convex quadrilateral $ABCD$ has $AB = 18, \angle{A} = 60^\circ,$ and $\overline{AB} \parallel \overline{CD}.$ In some order, the lengths of the four sides form an arithmetic progression, and side $\overline{AB}$ is a side of maximum length. The length of another side is $a.$ What is the sum of all possible values of $a$?

$\textbf{(A) } 24 \qquad \textbf{(B) } 42 \qquad \textbf{(C) } 60 \qquad \textbf{(D) } 66 \qquad \textbf{(E) } 84$

Solution 1

Let $E$ be a point on $\overline{AB}$ such that $BCDE$ is a parallelogram. Suppose that $BC=ED=b, CD=BE=c,$ and $DA=d,$ so $AE=18-c,$ as shown below. [asy] /* Made by MRENTHUSIASM */ size(250); pair A, B, C, D, E; A = (0,0); B = (18,0); D = A+9*dir(60); C = D+(7,0); E = D+(B-C); dot("$A$",A,1.5*SW,linewidth(4)); dot("$B$",B,1.5*SE,linewidth(4)); dot("$C$",C,1.5*NE,linewidth(4)); dot("$D$",D,1.5*NW,linewidth(4)); dot("$E$",E,1.5*S,linewidth(4)); draw(A--B--C--D--cycle); draw(D--E,dashed); label("$60^\circ$",A,2.5*dir(30),fontsize(10)); label("$18-c$",midpoint(A--E),1.5*S,red); label("$c$",midpoint(E--B),2.25*S,red); label("$b$",midpoint(B--C),1.5*NE,red); label("$b$",midpoint(D--E),1.5*NE,red); label("$c$",midpoint(C--D),1.5*N,red); label("$d$",midpoint(D--A),1.5*NW,red); [/asy] We apply the Law of Cosines to $\triangle ADE:$ \begin{align*} AD^2 + AE^2 - 2\cdot AD\cdot AE\cdot\cos 60^\circ &= DE^2 \\ d^2 + (18-c)^2 - d(18-c) &= b^2 \\ (18-c)^2 - d(18-c) &= b^2 - d^2 \\ (18-c)(18-c-d) &= (b+d)(b-d). \hspace{15mm}(\bigstar) \end{align*} Let $k$ be the common difference of the arithmetic progression of the side-lengths. It follows that $b,c,$ and $d$ are $18-k, 18-2k,$ and $18-3k,$ in some order. It is clear that $0\leq k<6.$

If $k=0,$ then $ABCD$ is a rhombus with side-length $18,$ which is valid.

If $k\neq0,$ then we have six cases:

  1. $(b,c,d)=(18-k,18-2k,18-3k)$

    2. Note that $(\bigstar)$ becomes $2k(5k-18)=(36-4k)(2k),$ from which $k=6.$ So, this case generates no valid solutions $(b,c,d).$

  2. $(b,c,d)=(18-k,18-3k,18-2k)$

    3. Note that $(\bigstar)$ becomes $3k(5k-18)=(36-3k)k,$ from which $k=5.$ So, this case generates $(b,c,d)=(13,3,8).$

  3. $(b,c,d)=(18-2k,18-k,18-3k)$

    4. Note that $(\bigstar)$ becomes $k(4k-18)=(36-5k)k,$ from which $k=6.$ So, this case generates no valid solutions $(b,c,d).$

  4. $(b,c,d)=(18-2k,18-3k,18-k)$

    5. Note that $(\bigstar)$ becomes $3k(4k-18)=(36-3k)(-k),$ from which $k=2.$ So, this case generates $(b,c,d)=(14,12,16).$

  5. $(b,c,d)=(18-3k,18-k,18-2k)$

    6. Note that $(\bigstar)$ becomes $k(3k-18)=(36-5k)(-k),$ from which $k=9.$ So, this case generates no valid solutions $(b,c,d).$

  6. $(b,c,d)=(18-3k,18-2k,18-k)$

    7. Note that $(\bigstar)$ becomes $2k(3k-18)=(36-4k)(-2k),$ from which $k=18.$ So, this case generates no valid solutions $(b,c,d).$

Together, the sum of all possible values of $a$ is $18+(13+3+8)+(14+12+16)=\boxed{\textbf{(E) } 84}.$

~MRENTHUSIASM

Remark

Note that four of the six cases in the solution above can be eliminated by the Triangle Inequality on $\triangle ADE,$ after removing parallelogram $BCDE.$

~hurdler

Solution 2

Denote $x = AD$, $\theta = \angle B$. Hence, $BC = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \frac{x}{\sin \theta}$, $DC = 18 - \frac{x}{2} - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} x \cot \theta$.

$\textbf{Case 1}$: $DC = AD = BC = AB$.

This is a rhombus. So each side has length 18.

For the following cases, we consider four sides that have distinct lengths. To make their lengths an arithmetic sequence, we must have $\theta \neq 120^\circ$.

Therefore, in the subsequent analysis, we exclude the solution $\theta = 120^\circ$.

$\textbf{Case 2}$: $DC < AD < BC < AB$.

Because the lengths of these sides form an arithmetic sequence, we have the following system of equations: \[ AB - BC = BC - AD = AD - DC . \]

Hence, \begin{eqnarray*} & 18 - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \frac{x}{\sin \theta} = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \frac{x}{\sin \theta} - x = x - \left( 18 - \frac{x}{2} - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} x \cot \theta \right) . & \end{eqnarray*}

By solving this system of equations, we get $\left( \cos \theta , \sin \theta , x\right) = \left( \frac{11}{13} , \frac{4 \sqrt{3}}{13} , 8 \right)$.

Thus, in this case, $DC = 3$, $AD = 8$, $BC = 13$.

$\textbf{Case 3}$: $DC < BC < AD < AB$.

Because the lengths of these sides form an arithmetic sequence, we have the following system of equations: \[ AB - AD = AD - BC = BC - DC . \]

Hence, \begin{eqnarray*} & 18 - x = x - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \frac{x}{\sin \theta} = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \frac{x}{\sin \theta} - \left( 18 - \frac{x}{2} - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} x \cot \theta \right) . & \end{eqnarray*}

By solving this system of equations, we get $\left( \cos \theta , \sin \theta , x\right) = \left( - \frac{1}{7} , \frac{4 \sqrt{3}}{7} , 16 \right)$.

Thus, in this case, $DC = 12$, $AD = 16$, $BC = 14$.

$\textbf{Case 4}$: $BC < CD < AD < AB$.

By doing the similar analysis, we can show there is no solution in this case.

$\textbf{Case 5}$: $BC < AD < CD < AB$.

By doing the similar analysis, we can show there is no solution in this case.

$\textbf{Case 6}$: $AD < CD < BC < AB$.

By doing the similar analysis, we can show there is no solution in this case.

$\textbf{Case 7}$: $AD < BC < CD < AB$.

By doing the similar analysis, we can show there is no solution in this case.

Therefore, the sum of all possible values of $a$ is \begin{align*} 18 + \left( 3 + 8 + 13 \right) + \left( 12 + 14 + 16 \right) & = 84 . \end{align*}

Therefore, the answer is $\boxed{\textbf{(E) }84}$.

~Steven Chen (www.professorchenedu.com)

Video Solution and Exploration by hurdler

Video exploration and motivated solution

See Also

2021 Fall AMC 12A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 23 		Followed by
Problem 25
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25
All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions

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