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Difference between revisions of "2018 AIME I Problems/Problem 5"
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==Solution 1==
 
==Solution 1==
 
Using the logarithmic property <math>\log_{a^n}b^n = \log_{a}b</math>, we note that <math>(2x+y)^2 = 4x^2+4xy+y^2</math>.  
 
Using the logarithmic property <math>\log_{a^n}b^n = \log_{a}b</math>, we note that <math>(2x+y)^2 = 4x^2+4xy+y^2</math>.  
−
That gives <math>x^2+xy-2y^2=0</math> upon simplification and division by <math>3</math>. Then, <math>x=y</math> or <math>x=-2y</math>.
+
That gives <math>x^2+xy-2y^2=0</math> upon simplification and division by <math>3</math>. Factoring <math>x^2+xy-2y^2=0</math> by [[Simon's Favorite Factoring Trick]] gives <math>(x+2y)(x-y)=0</math> Then, <math>x=y</math> or <math>x=-2y</math>.
 
From the second equation, <math>9x^2+6xy+y^2=3x^2+4xy+Ky^2</math>. If we take <math>x=y</math>, we see that <math>K=9</math>. If we take <math>x=-2y</math>, we see that <math>K=21</math>. The product is <math>\boxed{189}</math>.
 
From the second equation, <math>9x^2+6xy+y^2=3x^2+4xy+Ky^2</math>. If we take <math>x=y</math>, we see that <math>K=9</math>. If we take <math>x=-2y</math>, we see that <math>K=21</math>. The product is <math>\boxed{189}</math>.
  
 
-expiLnCalc
 
-expiLnCalc
  
−
==Note==
 
−
 
−
The cases <math>x=y</math> and <math>x=-2y</math> can be found by SFFT ([https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/Simon%27s_Favorite_Factoring_Trick Simon's Favorite Factoring Trick]) from <math>x^2+xy-2y^2=0 \implies (x+2y)(x-y)=0</math>.
 
 
==Solution 2==
 
==Solution 2==
 
Do as done in Solution 1 to get <math>x^2+xy-2y^2=0\implies (\frac{x}{y})^2+\frac{x}{y}-2=0\implies \frac{x}{y}=\frac{-1\pm\sqrt{1+8}}{2}=1,-2</math>. Do as done in Solution 1 to get <math>9x^2+6xy+y^2=3x^2+4xy+Ky^2\implies 6x^2+2xy+(1-K)y^2=0\implies 6(\frac{x}{y})^2+2\frac{x}{y}+(1-K)=0\implies \frac{x}{y}=</math> <math>\frac{-2\pm \sqrt{4-24(1-K)}}{12}</math> <math>\implies \frac{x}{y}=\frac{-2\pm 2\sqrt{6K-5}}{12}=\frac{-1\pm \sqrt{6K-5}}{6}</math>. If <math>\frac{x}{y}=1</math>, then <math>1=\frac{-1\pm \sqrt{6K-5}}{6}\implies 6=-1\pm \sqrt{6K-5}\implies 7=\pm \sqrt{6K-5}\implies 49=6K-5\implies K=9</math>. If <math>\frac{x}{y}=-2</math>, then <math>-2=\frac{-1\pm \sqrt{6K-5}}{6}\implies -12=-1\pm \sqrt{6K-5}\implies -11=\sqrt{6K-5}\implies 121=6K-5\implies 126=6K\implies K=21</math>. Hence our final answer is <math>21\cdot 9=\boxed{189}</math>
 
Do as done in Solution 1 to get <math>x^2+xy-2y^2=0\implies (\frac{x}{y})^2+\frac{x}{y}-2=0\implies \frac{x}{y}=\frac{-1\pm\sqrt{1+8}}{2}=1,-2</math>. Do as done in Solution 1 to get <math>9x^2+6xy+y^2=3x^2+4xy+Ky^2\implies 6x^2+2xy+(1-K)y^2=0\implies 6(\frac{x}{y})^2+2\frac{x}{y}+(1-K)=0\implies \frac{x}{y}=</math> <math>\frac{-2\pm \sqrt{4-24(1-K)}}{12}</math> <math>\implies \frac{x}{y}=\frac{-2\pm 2\sqrt{6K-5}}{12}=\frac{-1\pm \sqrt{6K-5}}{6}</math>. If <math>\frac{x}{y}=1</math>, then <math>1=\frac{-1\pm \sqrt{6K-5}}{6}\implies 6=-1\pm \sqrt{6K-5}\implies 7=\pm \sqrt{6K-5}\implies 49=6K-5\implies K=9</math>. If <math>\frac{x}{y}=-2</math>, then <math>-2=\frac{-1\pm \sqrt{6K-5}}{6}\implies -12=-1\pm \sqrt{6K-5}\implies -11=\sqrt{6K-5}\implies 121=6K-5\implies 126=6K\implies K=21</math>. Hence our final answer is <math>21\cdot 9=\boxed{189}</math>

Revision as of 01:29, 9 November 2020

Problem 5

For each ordered pair of real numbers $(x,y)$ satisfying \[\log_2(2x+y) = \log_4(x^2+xy+7y^2)\]there is a real number $K$ such that \[\log_3(3x+y) = \log_9(3x^2+4xy+Ky^2).\]Find the product of all possible values of $K$.

Solution 1

Using the logarithmic property $\log_{a^n}b^n = \log_{a}b$, we note that $(2x+y)^2 = 4x^2+4xy+y^2$. That gives $x^2+xy-2y^2=0$ upon simplification and division by $3$. Factoring $x^2+xy-2y^2=0$ by Simon's Favorite Factoring Trick gives $(x+2y)(x-y)=0$ Then, $x=y$ or $x=-2y$. From the second equation, $9x^2+6xy+y^2=3x^2+4xy+Ky^2$. If we take $x=y$, we see that $K=9$. If we take $x=-2y$, we see that $K=21$. The product is $\boxed{189}$.

-expiLnCalc

Solution 2

Do as done in Solution 1 to get $x^2+xy-2y^2=0\implies (\frac{x}{y})^2+\frac{x}{y}-2=0\implies \frac{x}{y}=\frac{-1\pm\sqrt{1+8}}{2}=1,-2$. Do as done in Solution 1 to get $9x^2+6xy+y^2=3x^2+4xy+Ky^2\implies 6x^2+2xy+(1-K)y^2=0\implies 6(\frac{x}{y})^2+2\frac{x}{y}+(1-K)=0\implies \frac{x}{y}=$ $\frac{-2\pm \sqrt{4-24(1-K)}}{12}$ $\implies \frac{x}{y}=\frac{-2\pm 2\sqrt{6K-5}}{12}=\frac{-1\pm \sqrt{6K-5}}{6}$. If $\frac{x}{y}=1$, then $1=\frac{-1\pm \sqrt{6K-5}}{6}\implies 6=-1\pm \sqrt{6K-5}\implies 7=\pm \sqrt{6K-5}\implies 49=6K-5\implies K=9$. If $\frac{x}{y}=-2$, then $-2=\frac{-1\pm \sqrt{6K-5}}{6}\implies -12=-1\pm \sqrt{6K-5}\implies -11=\sqrt{6K-5}\implies 121=6K-5\implies 126=6K\implies K=21$. Hence our final answer is $21\cdot 9=\boxed{189}$ -vsamc$\newline$ -minor edit:einsteinstudent

Video Solution

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iE8paW_ICxw

See Also

2018 AIME I (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
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Problem 4 		Followed by
Problem 6
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