Difference between revisions of "Cyclotomic polynomial"

Revision as of 00:20, 11 November 2019

Definition

The cyclotomic polynomials are recursively defined as $x^n-1=\prod_{d \vert n} \Phi_n (x)$ , for $n \geq 1$ . All cyclotomic polynomials are irreducible.

Roots

The roots of $\Phi_n(x)$ are $e^{\frac{2\pi i d}{n}}$ , where $\gcd(d, n) = 1$ . For this reason, due to the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, we have $\Phi_n(x) = \prod_{d: \gcd(d, n) = 1} (x - e^{\frac{2\pi i d}{n}})$ .

Examples

For a prime $p$ , $\Phi_p (x)=x^{p-1}+x^{p-2}+ \cdots + 1$ , because for a prime $p$ , $\Phi_p (x) \cdot \Phi_1 (x)=x^p - 1$ and so we can factorise $x^p - 1$ to obtain the required result.

The first few cyclotomic polynomials are as shown: $\begin{align*} \Phi_1(x)&=x-1 \\ \Phi_2(x)&=x+1 \\ \Phi_3(x)&=x^2+x+1 \\ \Phi_4(x)&=x^2+1 \\ \Phi_5(x)&=x^4+x^3+x^2+x+1 \\ \Phi_6(x)&=x^2-x+1 \\ \Phi_7(x)&=x^6+x^5+\cdots + 1 \\ \Phi_8(x)&=x^4+1 \\ \end{align*}$

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ==Definition==
-The cyclotomic polynomials are recursively defined as <math>x^n-1=\prod{d \vert n} \Phi_n (x)</math>, for <math>n \geq 1</math>.
+The cyclotomic [[polynomials]] are recursively defined as <math>x^n-1=\prod_{d \vert n} \Phi_n (x)</math>, for <math>n \geq 1</math>. All cyclotomic polynomials are [[irreducible polynomial|irreducible]].
+==Roots==
+The roots of <math>\Phi_n(x)</math> are <math>e^{\frac{2\pi i d}{n}}</math>, where <math>\gcd(d, n) = 1</math>. For this reason, due to the [[Fundamental Theorem of Algebra]], we have <math>\Phi_n(x) = \prod_{d: \gcd(d, n) = 1} (x - e^{\frac{2\pi i d}{n}})</math>.
 ==Examples==
@@ Line 16: / Line 19: @@
 \Phi_8(x)&=x^4+1 \\
 \end{align*}</cmath>
+{{stub}}

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Difference between revisions of "Cyclotomic polynomial"

Revision as of 00:20, 11 November 2019

Definition

Roots

Examples