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Difference between revisions of "2010 AMC 12B Problems/Problem 16"

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<math>\textbf{(A)}\ \dfrac{1}{3} \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ \dfrac{29}{81} \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ \dfrac{31}{81} \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ \dfrac{11}{27} \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ \dfrac{13}{27}</math>
 
<math>\textbf{(A)}\ \dfrac{1}{3} \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ \dfrac{29}{81} \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ \dfrac{31}{81} \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ \dfrac{11}{27} \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ \dfrac{13}{27}</math>
  
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== Solution ==
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== Solution 1 ==
  
 
We group this into groups of <math>3</math>, because <math>3|2010</math>.  
 
We group this into groups of <math>3</math>, because <math>3|2010</math>.  
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The grand total is <cmath>\frac{1}{3} + \frac{4}{27} = \boxed{\text{(E) }\frac{13}{27}.}</cmath>
 
The grand total is <cmath>\frac{1}{3} + \frac{4}{27} = \boxed{\text{(E) }\frac{13}{27}.}</cmath>
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== Solution 2 (Minor change from Solution 1) ==
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Just like solution 1, we see that there is a <math>\frac{1}{3}</math> chance of <math>3|a</math> and <math>\frac{2}{9}</math> chance of <math>3|1+b+bc</math>
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Now, we can just use PIE (Principals of Inclusion and Exclusion) to get our answer to be <math>\frac{1}{3}+\frac{2}{9}-\frac{1}{3}\cdot\frac{2}{9} = \boxed{\frac{13}{27}}</math>
  
 
== See also ==
 
== See also ==

Revision as of 11:38, 4 February 2019

Problem 16

Positive integers $a$, $b$, and $c$ are randomly and independently selected with replacement from the set $\{1, 2, 3,\dots, 2010\}$. What is the probability that $abc + ab + a$ is divisible by $3$?

$\textbf{(A)}\ \dfrac{1}{3} \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ \dfrac{29}{81} \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ \dfrac{31}{81} \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ \dfrac{11}{27} \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ \dfrac{13}{27}$

Solution 1

We group this into groups of $3$, because $3|2010$.

If $3|a$, we are done. There is a probability of $\frac{1}{3}$ that that happens.

Otherwise, we have $3|bc+b+1$, which means that $b(c+1) \equiv 2\pmod{3}$. So either \[b \equiv 1 \pmod{3}, c \equiv 1 \pmod{3}\] or \[b \equiv 2 \pmod {3}, c \equiv 0 \pmod 3\] which will lead to the property being true. There are a $\frac{1}{3}\cdot\frac{1}{3}=\frac{1}{9}$ chance for each bundle of cases to be true. Thus, the total for the cases is $\frac{2}{9}$. But we have to multiply by $\frac{2}{3}$ because this only happens with a $\frac{2}{3}$ chance. So the total is actually $\frac{4}{27}$.

The grand total is \[\frac{1}{3} + \frac{4}{27} = \boxed{\text{(E) }\frac{13}{27}.}\]


Solution 2 (Minor change from Solution 1)

Just like solution 1, we see that there is a $\frac{1}{3}$ chance of $3|a$ and $\frac{2}{9}$ chance of $3|1+b+bc$

Now, we can just use PIE (Principals of Inclusion and Exclusion) to get our answer to be $\frac{1}{3}+\frac{2}{9}-\frac{1}{3}\cdot\frac{2}{9} = \boxed{\frac{13}{27}}$

See also

2010 AMC 12B (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 15 		Followed by
Problem 17
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25
All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions

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