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Difference between revisions of "2011 AMC 12A Problems/Problem 12"

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arrow((.3,4.4),dir(360),blue);
 
arrow((.3,4.4),dir(360),blue);
 
arrow((1.1,4.2),dir(180),red);</asy>
 
arrow((1.1,4.2),dir(180),red);</asy>
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Think of the blue arrow as the power boat and the red arrow as the raft. Thinking about the distance covered as their distances with respect to each other, they are <math>0</math> distance apart in the first diagram when they haven't started to move yet, some distance <math>d</math> apart in the second diagram when the power boat reaches <math>B</math>, and again <math>0</math> distance apart in the third diagram when they meet. Therefore, with respect to each other, the boat and the raft cover a distance of <math>d</math> on the way there, and again cover a distance of <math>d</math> on when drawing closer. This makes sense, because from the 1st diagram to the second, the raft moves in the same direction as the boat, while from the 2nd to the 3rd, the boat and raft move in opposite directions.
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Let <math>b</math> denote the speed of the power boat (only the power boat, not factoring in current) and <math>r</math> denote the speed of the raft, which, as given by the problem, is also equal to the speed of the current. Thus, from <math>A</math> to <math>B</math>, the boat travels at a velocity of <math>b+r</math>, and on the way back, travels at a velocity of <math>-(b-r)=r-b</math>, since the current aids the boat on the way there, and goes against the boat on the way back. With respect to the raft then, the boat's velocity from <math>A</math> to <math>B</math> becomes <math>(r+b)-r=b</math>, and on the way back it becomes <math>(r-b)-r=-b</math>. Since the boat's velocities with respect to the raft are exact opposites, <math>b</math> and <math>-b</math>, we therefore know that the boat and raft travel apart from each other at the same rate that they travel toward each other.
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From this, we have that the boat travels a distance <math>d</math> at rate <math>b</math> with respect to the raft both on the way to <math>B</math> and on the way back. Thus, using <math>\frac_{distance}{speed}=time</math>, we have <math>\frac_{2d}{b}=9 hours</math>, and to see how long it took to travel half the distance, we have <math>\frac_{d}{b}=4.5 hours\implies\boxed{\textbf{E}</math>
  
 
== See also ==
 
== See also ==
 
{{AMC12 box|year=2011|num-b=11|num-a=13|ab=A}}
 
{{AMC12 box|year=2011|num-b=11|num-a=13|ab=A}}
 
{{MAA Notice}}
 
{{MAA Notice}}

Revision as of 19:59, 14 February 2016

Problem

A power boat and a raft both left dock $A$ on a river and headed downstream. The raft drifted at the speed of the river current. The power boat maintained a constant speed with respect to the river. The power boat reached dock $B$ downriver, then immediately turned and traveled back upriver. It eventually met the raft on the river 9 hours after leaving dock $A.$ How many hours did it take the power boat to go from $A$ to $B$?

$\textbf{(A)}\ 3 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 3.5 \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 4 \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 4.5 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 5$

Solution

Solution 1

Since the speed of the river is not specified, the outcome of the problem must be independent of this speed. We may thus trivially assume that the river has a speed of $0$. In this case, when the powerboat travels from $A$ to $B$, the raft remains at $A$. Thus the trip from $A$ to $B$ takes the same time as the trip from $B$ to the raft. Since these times are equal and sum to $9$ hours, the trip from $A$ to $B$ must take half this time, or $4.5$ hours. The answer is thus $\boxed{\textbf{D}}$.

Solution 2

What's important in this problem is to consider everything in terms of the power boat and the raft, since that is how the problem is given to us. Let us denote the speed of the boat as $b$ and the speed of the raft at $r$.

[asy] size(8cm,8cm); pair A, B; A=(-3,4); B=(3,4); draw(A--B); label("$A$",A,S); label("$B$",B,S); arrow((-2.5,6.4),dir(180),blue); arrow((-2.5,6.2),dir(180),red); pair A, B; A=(-3,5); B=(3,5); draw(A--B); label("$A$",A,S); label("$B$",B,S); arrow((2.6,5.4),dir(360),blue); arrow((-0.5,5.2),dir(180),red); pair A, B; A=(-3,6); B=(3,6); draw(A--B); label("$A$",A,S); label("$B$",B,S); arrow((.3,4.4),dir(360),blue); arrow((1.1,4.2),dir(180),red);[/asy]

Think of the blue arrow as the power boat and the red arrow as the raft. Thinking about the distance covered as their distances with respect to each other, they are $0$ distance apart in the first diagram when they haven't started to move yet, some distance $d$ apart in the second diagram when the power boat reaches $B$, and again $0$ distance apart in the third diagram when they meet. Therefore, with respect to each other, the boat and the raft cover a distance of $d$ on the way there, and again cover a distance of $d$ on when drawing closer. This makes sense, because from the 1st diagram to the second, the raft moves in the same direction as the boat, while from the 2nd to the 3rd, the boat and raft move in opposite directions.

Let $b$ denote the speed of the power boat (only the power boat, not factoring in current) and $r$ denote the speed of the raft, which, as given by the problem, is also equal to the speed of the current. Thus, from $A$ to $B$, the boat travels at a velocity of $b+r$, and on the way back, travels at a velocity of $-(b-r)=r-b$, since the current aids the boat on the way there, and goes against the boat on the way back. With respect to the raft then, the boat's velocity from $A$ to $B$ becomes $(r+b)-r=b$, and on the way back it becomes $(r-b)-r=-b$. Since the boat's velocities with respect to the raft are exact opposites, $b$ and $-b$, we therefore know that the boat and raft travel apart from each other at the same rate that they travel toward each other.

From this, we have that the boat travels a distance $d$ at rate $b$ with respect to the raft both on the way to $B$ and on the way back. Thus, using $\frac_{distance}{speed}=time$ (Error compiling LaTeX. Unknown error_msg), we have $\frac_{2d}{b}=9 hours$ (Error compiling LaTeX. Unknown error_msg), and to see how long it took to travel half the distance, we have $\frac_{d}{b}=4.5 hours\implies\boxed{\textbf{E}$ (Error compiling LaTeX. Unknown error_msg)

See also

2011 AMC 12A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 11 		Followed by
Problem 13
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25
All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions

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