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Difference between revisions of "2013 AMC 12B Problems/Problem 17"

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==Solution 2==
 
==Solution 2==
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This is similar to the first solution but is far more intuitive. From the given, we have <cmath> a + b = 2 - c \\ a^2 + b^2 = 12 - c^2 </cmath> This immediately suggests use of the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality. By Cauchy, we have <cmath> 2\,(a^2 + b^2) \geq (a + b)^2</cmath> Substitution of the above results and some algebra yields <cmath> 3c^2 - 4c - 20 \leq 0 </cmath> This quadratic inequality is easily solved, and it is seen that equality holds for <math>c = -2</math> and <math>c = \frac{10}{3}</math>.  
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This is similar to the first solution but is far more intuitive. From the given, we have <cmath> a + b = 2 - c</cmath> \\ <cmath>a^2 + b^2 = 12 - c^2 </cmath> This immediately suggests use of the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality. By Cauchy, we have <cmath> 2\,(a^2 + b^2) \geq (a + b)^2</cmath> Substitution of the above results and some algebra yields <cmath> 3c^2 - 4c - 20 \leq 0 </cmath> This quadratic inequality is easily solved, and it is seen that equality holds for <math>c = -2</math> and <math>c = \frac{10}{3}</math>.  
  
 
The difference between these two values is  <math>\boxed{\textbf{(D)} \ \frac{16}{3}}</math>.
 
The difference between these two values is  <math>\boxed{\textbf{(D)} \ \frac{16}{3}}</math>.

Revision as of 16:30, 29 January 2016

Problem

Let $a,b,$ and $c$ be real numbers such that

\[a+b+c=2, \text{ and}\] \[a^2+b^2+c^2=12\]

What is the difference between the maximum and minimum possible values of $c$?

$\text{(A) }2\qquad \text{ (B) }\frac{10}{3}\qquad \text{ (C) }4 \qquad \text{ (D) }\frac{16}{3}\qquad \text{ (E) }\frac{20}{3}$

Solution 1

$a+b= 2-c$. Now, by Cauchy-Schwarz, we have that $(a^2+b^2) \ge \frac{(2-c)^2}{2}$. Therefore, we have that $\frac{(2-c)^2}{2}+c^2 \le 12$. We then find the roots of $c$ that satisfy equality and find the difference of the roots. This gives the answer, $\boxed{\textbf{(D)} \ \frac{16}{3}}$.

Solution 2

This is similar to the first solution but is far more intuitive. From the given, we have \[a + b = 2 - c\] \\ \[a^2 + b^2 = 12 - c^2\] This immediately suggests use of the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality. By Cauchy, we have \[2\,(a^2 + b^2) \geq (a + b)^2\] Substitution of the above results and some algebra yields \[3c^2 - 4c - 20 \leq 0\] This quadratic inequality is easily solved, and it is seen that equality holds for $c = -2$ and $c = \frac{10}{3}$.

The difference between these two values is $\boxed{\textbf{(D)} \ \frac{16}{3}}$.

See also

2013 AMC 12B (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 16 		Followed by
Problem 18
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25
All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions

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