Art of Problem Solving
AoPS Online
Math texts, online classes, and more
for students in grades 5-12.
Visit AoPS Online ‚
Books for Grades 5-12 Online Courses
Beast Academy
Engaging math books and online learning
for students ages 6-13.
Visit Beast Academy ‚
Books for Ages 6-13 Beast Academy Online
AoPS Academy
Small live classes for advanced math
and language arts learners in grades 2-12.
Visit AoPS Academy ‚
Find a Physical Campus Visit the Virtual Campus

Difference between revisions of "2024 USAJMO Problems/Problem 1"

(Undo revision 217207 by Mathkiddie (talk))
(Tag: Undo)
m (fixed diagrams because bad)
Line 9: Line 9:
 
First, let <math>E</math> and <math>F</math> be the midpoints of <math>AB</math> and <math>CD</math>, respectively. It is clear that <math>AE=BE=3.5</math>, <math>PE=QE=0.5</math>, <math>DF=CF=4</math>, and <math>SF=RF=2</math>. Also, let <math>O</math> be the circumcenter of <math>ABCD</math>.  
 
First, let <math>E</math> and <math>F</math> be the midpoints of <math>AB</math> and <math>CD</math>, respectively. It is clear that <math>AE=BE=3.5</math>, <math>PE=QE=0.5</math>, <math>DF=CF=4</math>, and <math>SF=RF=2</math>. Also, let <math>O</math> be the circumcenter of <math>ABCD</math>.  
  
−
[asy] /* Geogebra to Asymptote conversion, documentation at artofproblemsolving.com/Wiki go to User:Azjps/geogebra */
+
<asy> /* Geogebra to Asymptote conversion, documentation at artofproblemsolving.com/Wiki go to User:Azjps/geogebra */
 
import graph; size(12cm);  
 
import graph; size(12cm);  
 
real labelscalefactor = 0.5; /* changes label-to-point distance */
 
real labelscalefactor = 0.5; /* changes label-to-point distance */
Line 26: Line 26:
 
  /* dots and labels */
 
  /* dots and labels */
 
dot((2.92,-3.28),dotstyle);  
 
dot((2.92,-3.28),dotstyle);  
−
label("<math>O</math>", (2.43,-3.56), NE * labelscalefactor);  
+
label("$O$", (2.43,-3.56), NE * labelscalefactor);  
 
dot((-2.52,-1.01),dotstyle);  
 
dot((-2.52,-1.01),dotstyle);  
−
label("<math>A</math>", (-2.91,-0.91), NE * labelscalefactor);  
+
label("$A$", (-2.91,-0.91), NE * labelscalefactor);  
 
dot((3.46,2.59),linewidth(4pt) + dotstyle);  
 
dot((3.46,2.59),linewidth(4pt) + dotstyle);  
−
label("<math>B</math>", (3.49,2.78), NE * labelscalefactor);  
+
label("$B$", (3.49,2.78), NE * labelscalefactor);  
 
dot((7.59,-6.88),dotstyle);  
 
dot((7.59,-6.88),dotstyle);  
−
label("<math>C</math>", (7.82,-7.24), NE * labelscalefactor);  
+
label("$C$", (7.82,-7.24), NE * labelscalefactor);  
 
dot((-0.29,-8.22),linewidth(4pt) + dotstyle);  
 
dot((-0.29,-8.22),linewidth(4pt) + dotstyle);  
−
label("<math>D</math>", (-0.53,-8.62), NE * labelscalefactor);  
+
label("$D$", (-0.53,-8.62), NE * labelscalefactor);  
 
dot((0.03,0.52),linewidth(4pt) + dotstyle);  
 
dot((0.03,0.52),linewidth(4pt) + dotstyle);  
−
label("<math>P</math>", (-0.13,0.67), NE * labelscalefactor);  
+
label("$P$", (-0.13,0.67), NE * labelscalefactor);  
 
dot((0.89,1.04),linewidth(4pt) + dotstyle);  
 
dot((0.89,1.04),linewidth(4pt) + dotstyle);  
−
label("<math>Q</math>", (0.62,1.16), NE * labelscalefactor);  
+
label("$Q$", (0.62,1.16), NE * labelscalefactor);  
 
dot((5.61,-7.22),linewidth(4pt) + dotstyle);  
 
dot((5.61,-7.22),linewidth(4pt) + dotstyle);  
−
label("<math>R</math>", (5.70,-7.05), NE * labelscalefactor);  
+
label("$R$", (5.70,-7.05), NE * labelscalefactor);  
 
dot((1.67,-7.89),linewidth(4pt) + dotstyle);  
 
dot((1.67,-7.89),linewidth(4pt) + dotstyle);  
−
label("<math>S</math>", (1.75,-7.73), NE * labelscalefactor);  
+
label("$S$", (1.75,-7.73), NE * labelscalefactor);  
 
dot((0.46,0.78),linewidth(4pt) + dotstyle);  
 
dot((0.46,0.78),linewidth(4pt) + dotstyle);  
−
label("<math>E</math>", (0.26,0.93), NE * labelscalefactor);  
+
label("$E$", (0.26,0.93), NE * labelscalefactor);  
 
dot((3.64,-7.55),linewidth(4pt) + dotstyle);  
 
dot((3.64,-7.55),linewidth(4pt) + dotstyle);  
−
label("<math>F</math>", (3.73,-7.39), NE * labelscalefactor);  
+
label("$F$", (3.73,-7.39), NE * labelscalefactor);  
 
clip((xmin,ymin)--(xmin,ymax)--(xmax,ymax)--(xmax,ymin)--cycle);  
 
clip((xmin,ymin)--(xmin,ymax)--(xmax,ymax)--(xmax,ymin)--cycle);  
−
  /* end of picture */[/asy]
+
  /* end of picture */</asy>
 
   
 
   
 
By properties of cyclic quadrilaterals, we know that the circumcenter of a cyclic quadrilateral is the intersection of its sides' perpendicular bisectors. This implies that <math>OE\perp AB</math> and <math>OF\perp CD</math>. Since <math>E</math> and <math>F</math> are also bisectors of <math>PQ</math> and <math>RS</math>, respectively, if <math>PQRS</math> is indeed a cyclic quadrilateral, then its circumcenter is also at <math>O</math>. Thus, it suffices to show that <math>OP=OQ=OR=OS</math>.  
 
By properties of cyclic quadrilaterals, we know that the circumcenter of a cyclic quadrilateral is the intersection of its sides' perpendicular bisectors. This implies that <math>OE\perp AB</math> and <math>OF\perp CD</math>. Since <math>E</math> and <math>F</math> are also bisectors of <math>PQ</math> and <math>RS</math>, respectively, if <math>PQRS</math> is indeed a cyclic quadrilateral, then its circumcenter is also at <math>O</math>. Thus, it suffices to show that <math>OP=OQ=OR=OS</math>.  
Line 56: Line 56:
 
Draw the segments connecting <math>O</math> to <math>B</math>, <math>Q</math>, <math>C</math>, and <math>R</math>.  
 
Draw the segments connecting <math>O</math> to <math>B</math>, <math>Q</math>, <math>C</math>, and <math>R</math>.  
  
−
[asy] /* Geogebra to Asymptote conversion, documentation at artofproblemsolving.com/Wiki go to User:Azjps/geogebra */
+
<asy> /* Geogebra to Asymptote conversion, documentation at artofproblemsolving.com/Wiki go to User:Azjps/geogebra */
 
import graph; size(12cm);  
 
import graph; size(12cm);  
 
real labelscalefactor = 0.5; /* changes label-to-point distance */
 
real labelscalefactor = 0.5; /* changes label-to-point distance */
Line 79: Line 79:
 
  /* dots and labels */
 
  /* dots and labels */
 
dot((2.92,-3.28),dotstyle);  
 
dot((2.92,-3.28),dotstyle);  
−
label("<math>O</math>", (2.43,-3.56), NE * labelscalefactor);  
+
label("$O$", (2.43,-3.56), NE * labelscalefactor);  
 
dot((-2.52,-1.01),dotstyle);  
 
dot((-2.52,-1.01),dotstyle);  
−
label("<math>A</math>", (-2.91,-0.91), NE * labelscalefactor);  
+
label("$A$", (-2.91,-0.91), NE * labelscalefactor);  
 
dot((3.46,2.59),linewidth(1pt) + dotstyle);  
 
dot((3.46,2.59),linewidth(1pt) + dotstyle);  
−
label("<math>B</math>", (3.49,2.78), NE * labelscalefactor);  
+
label("$B$", (3.49,2.78), NE * labelscalefactor);  
 
dot((7.59,-6.88),dotstyle);  
 
dot((7.59,-6.88),dotstyle);  
−
label("<math>C</math>", (7.82,-7.24), NE * labelscalefactor);  
+
label("$C$", (7.82,-7.24), NE * labelscalefactor);  
 
dot((-0.29,-8.22),linewidth(1pt) + dotstyle);  
 
dot((-0.29,-8.22),linewidth(1pt) + dotstyle);  
−
label("<math>D</math>", (-0.53,-8.62), NE * labelscalefactor);  
+
label("$D$", (-0.53,-8.62), NE * labelscalefactor);  
 
dot((0.03,0.52),linewidth(1pt) + dotstyle);  
 
dot((0.03,0.52),linewidth(1pt) + dotstyle);  
−
label("<math>P</math>", (-0.13,0.67), NE * labelscalefactor);  
+
label("$P$", (-0.13,0.67), NE * labelscalefactor);  
 
dot((0.89,1.04),linewidth(1pt) + dotstyle);  
 
dot((0.89,1.04),linewidth(1pt) + dotstyle);  
−
label("<math>Q</math>", (0.62,1.16), NE * labelscalefactor);  
+
label("$Q$", (0.62,1.16), NE * labelscalefactor);  
 
dot((5.61,-7.22),linewidth(1pt) + dotstyle);  
 
dot((5.61,-7.22),linewidth(1pt) + dotstyle);  
−
label("<math>R</math>", (5.70,-7.05), NE * labelscalefactor);  
+
label("$R$", (5.70,-7.05), NE * labelscalefactor);  
 
dot((1.67,-7.89),linewidth(1pt) + dotstyle);  
 
dot((1.67,-7.89),linewidth(1pt) + dotstyle);  
−
label("<math>S</math>", (1.75,-7.73), NE * labelscalefactor);  
+
label("$S$", (1.75,-7.73), NE * labelscalefactor);  
 
dot((0.46,0.78),linewidth(1pt) + dotstyle);  
 
dot((0.46,0.78),linewidth(1pt) + dotstyle);  
−
label("<math>E</math>", (0.26,0.93), NE * labelscalefactor);  
+
label("$E$", (0.26,0.93), NE * labelscalefactor);  
 
dot((3.64,-7.55),linewidth(1pt) + dotstyle);  
 
dot((3.64,-7.55),linewidth(1pt) + dotstyle);  
−
label("<math>F</math>", (3.73,-7.39), NE * labelscalefactor);  
+
label("$F$", (3.73,-7.39), NE * labelscalefactor);  
 
clip((xmin,ymin)--(xmin,ymax)--(xmax,ymax)--(xmax,ymin)--cycle);  
 
clip((xmin,ymin)--(xmin,ymax)--(xmax,ymax)--(xmax,ymin)--cycle);  
−
  /* end of picture */[/asy]
+
  /* end of picture */</asy>
 
   
 
   
 
Also, let <math>r</math> be the circumradius of <math>ABCD</math>. This means that <math>AO=BO=CO=DO=r</math>. Recall that <math>\angle BEO=90^\circ</math> and <math>\angle CFO=90^\circ</math>. Notice the several right triangles in our figure.  
 
Also, let <math>r</math> be the circumradius of <math>ABCD</math>. This means that <math>AO=BO=CO=DO=r</math>. Recall that <math>\angle BEO=90^\circ</math> and <math>\angle CFO=90^\circ</math>. Notice the several right triangles in our figure.  

Revision as of 22:42, 21 March 2024

Problem

sus

Solution 1

First, let $E$ and $F$ be the midpoints of $AB$ and $CD$, respectively. It is clear that $AE=BE=3.5$, $PE=QE=0.5$, $DF=CF=4$, and $SF=RF=2$. Also, let $O$ be the circumcenter of $ABCD$.

[asy] /* Geogebra to Asymptote conversion, documentation at artofproblemsolving.com/Wiki go to User:Azjps/geogebra */ import graph; size(12cm); real labelscalefactor = 0.5; /* changes label-to-point distance */ pen dps = linewidth(0.7) + fontsize(10); defaultpen(dps); /* default pen style */ pen dotstyle = black; /* point style */ real xmin = -12.19, xmax = 24.94, ymin = -15.45, ymax = 6.11; /* image dimensions */ pen wrwrwr = rgb(0.38,0.38,0.38); /* draw figures */ draw(circle((2.92,-3.28), 5.90), linewidth(2) + wrwrwr); draw((-2.52,-1.01)--(3.46,2.59), linewidth(2) + wrwrwr); draw((7.59,-6.88)--(-0.29,-8.22), linewidth(2) + wrwrwr); draw((3.46,2.59)--(7.59,-6.88), linewidth(2) + wrwrwr); draw((-0.29,-8.22)--(-2.52,-1.01), linewidth(2) + wrwrwr); draw((0.03,0.52)--(1.67,-7.89), linewidth(2) + wrwrwr); draw((5.61,-7.22)--(0.89,1.04), linewidth(2) + wrwrwr); /* dots and labels */ dot((2.92,-3.28),dotstyle); label("$O$", (2.43,-3.56), NE * labelscalefactor); dot((-2.52,-1.01),dotstyle); label("$A$", (-2.91,-0.91), NE * labelscalefactor); dot((3.46,2.59),linewidth(4pt) + dotstyle); label("$B$", (3.49,2.78), NE * labelscalefactor); dot((7.59,-6.88),dotstyle); label("$C$", (7.82,-7.24), NE * labelscalefactor); dot((-0.29,-8.22),linewidth(4pt) + dotstyle); label("$D$", (-0.53,-8.62), NE * labelscalefactor); dot((0.03,0.52),linewidth(4pt) + dotstyle); label("$P$", (-0.13,0.67), NE * labelscalefactor); dot((0.89,1.04),linewidth(4pt) + dotstyle); label("$Q$", (0.62,1.16), NE * labelscalefactor); dot((5.61,-7.22),linewidth(4pt) + dotstyle); label("$R$", (5.70,-7.05), NE * labelscalefactor); dot((1.67,-7.89),linewidth(4pt) + dotstyle); label("$S$", (1.75,-7.73), NE * labelscalefactor); dot((0.46,0.78),linewidth(4pt) + dotstyle); label("$E$", (0.26,0.93), NE * labelscalefactor); dot((3.64,-7.55),linewidth(4pt) + dotstyle); label("$F$", (3.73,-7.39), NE * labelscalefactor); clip((xmin,ymin)--(xmin,ymax)--(xmax,ymax)--(xmax,ymin)--cycle); /* end of picture */[/asy]

By properties of cyclic quadrilaterals, we know that the circumcenter of a cyclic quadrilateral is the intersection of its sides' perpendicular bisectors. This implies that $OE\perp AB$ and $OF\perp CD$. Since $E$ and $F$ are also bisectors of $PQ$ and $RS$, respectively, if $PQRS$ is indeed a cyclic quadrilateral, then its circumcenter is also at $O$. Thus, it suffices to show that $OP=OQ=OR=OS$.

Notice that $PE=QE$, $EO=EO$, and $\angle QEO=\angle PEO=90^\circ$. By SAS congruency, $\Delta QOE\cong\Delta POE\implies QO=PO$. Similarly, we find that $\Delta SOF\cong\Delta ROF$ and $OS=OR$. We now need only to show that these two pairs are equal to each other.

Draw the segments connecting $O$ to $B$, $Q$, $C$, and $R$.

[asy] /* Geogebra to Asymptote conversion, documentation at artofproblemsolving.com/Wiki go to User:Azjps/geogebra */ import graph; size(12cm); real labelscalefactor = 0.5; /* changes label-to-point distance */ pen dps = linewidth(0.7) + fontsize(10); defaultpen(dps); /* default pen style */ pen dotstyle = black; /* point style */ real xmin = -12.19, xmax = 24.94, ymin = -15.45, ymax = 6.11; /* image dimensions */ pen wrwrwr = rgb(0.38,0.38,0.38); /* draw figures */ draw(circle((2.92,-3.28), 5.90), linewidth(2) + wrwrwr); draw((-2.52,-1.01)--(3.46,2.59), linewidth(2) + wrwrwr); draw((7.59,-6.88)--(-0.29,-8.22), linewidth(2) + wrwrwr); draw((3.46,2.59)--(7.59,-6.88), linewidth(2) + wrwrwr); draw((-0.29,-8.22)--(-2.52,-1.01), linewidth(2) + wrwrwr); draw((0.03,0.52)--(1.67,-7.89), linewidth(2) + wrwrwr); draw((5.61,-7.22)--(0.89,1.04), linewidth(2) + wrwrwr); draw((0.46,0.78)--(2.92,-3.28), linewidth(2) + wrwrwr); draw((2.92,-3.28)--(3.64,-7.55), linewidth(2) + wrwrwr); draw((2.92,-3.28)--(7.59,-6.88), linewidth(2) + wrwrwr); draw((5.61,-7.22)--(2.92,-3.28), linewidth(2) + wrwrwr); draw((2.92,-3.28)--(3.46,2.59), linewidth(2) + wrwrwr); draw((2.92,-3.28)--(0.89,1.04), linewidth(2) + wrwrwr); /* dots and labels */ dot((2.92,-3.28),dotstyle); label("$O$", (2.43,-3.56), NE * labelscalefactor); dot((-2.52,-1.01),dotstyle); label("$A$", (-2.91,-0.91), NE * labelscalefactor); dot((3.46,2.59),linewidth(1pt) + dotstyle); label("$B$", (3.49,2.78), NE * labelscalefactor); dot((7.59,-6.88),dotstyle); label("$C$", (7.82,-7.24), NE * labelscalefactor); dot((-0.29,-8.22),linewidth(1pt) + dotstyle); label("$D$", (-0.53,-8.62), NE * labelscalefactor); dot((0.03,0.52),linewidth(1pt) + dotstyle); label("$P$", (-0.13,0.67), NE * labelscalefactor); dot((0.89,1.04),linewidth(1pt) + dotstyle); label("$Q$", (0.62,1.16), NE * labelscalefactor); dot((5.61,-7.22),linewidth(1pt) + dotstyle); label("$R$", (5.70,-7.05), NE * labelscalefactor); dot((1.67,-7.89),linewidth(1pt) + dotstyle); label("$S$", (1.75,-7.73), NE * labelscalefactor); dot((0.46,0.78),linewidth(1pt) + dotstyle); label("$E$", (0.26,0.93), NE * labelscalefactor); dot((3.64,-7.55),linewidth(1pt) + dotstyle); label("$F$", (3.73,-7.39), NE * labelscalefactor); clip((xmin,ymin)--(xmin,ymax)--(xmax,ymax)--(xmax,ymin)--cycle); /* end of picture */[/asy]

Also, let $r$ be the circumradius of $ABCD$. This means that $AO=BO=CO=DO=r$. Recall that $\angle BEO=90^\circ$ and $\angle CFO=90^\circ$. Notice the several right triangles in our figure.

Let us apply Pythagorean Theorem on $\Delta BEO$. We can see that $EO^2+EB^2=BO^2\implies EO^2+3.5^2=r^2\implies EO=\sqrt{r^2-12.25}.$

Let us again apply Pythagorean Theorem on $\Delta QEO$. We can see that $QE^2+EO^2=QO^2\implies0.5^2+r^2-12.25=QO^2\implies QO=\sqrt{r^2-12}.$

Let us apply Pythagorean Theorem on $\Delta CFO$. We get $CF^2+OF^2=OC^2\implies4^2+OF^2=r^2\implies OF=\sqrt{r^2-16}$.

We finally apply Pythagorean Theorem on $\Delta RFO$. This becomes $OF^2+FR^2=OR^2\implies r^2-16+2^2=OR^2\implies OR=\sqrt{r^2-12}$.

This is the same expression as we got for $QO$. Thus, $OQ=OR$, and recalling that $OQ=OP$ and $OR=OS$, we have shown that $OP=OQ=OR=OS$. We are done. QED

~Technodoggo

See Also

2024 USAJMO (Problems • Resources)
Preceded by
First Question 		Followed by
Problem 2
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6
All USAJMO Problems and Solutions

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions. AMC logo.png

Retrieved from "https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php?title=2024_USAJMO_Problems/Problem_1&oldid=217230"