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Difference between revisions of "Spiral similarity"
(→‎Basic information)
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<math>P = AB \cap A'B'.</math>
 
<math>P = AB \cap A'B'.</math>
  
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<math>\Omega </math> is circle <math>AA'P,  \omega </math> is circle <math>BB'P, x_0 = \Omega \cap \omega, x_0 \neq P,</math>
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<math>\Omega</math> is circle <math>AA'P,  \omega </math> is circle <math>BB'P, x_0 = \Omega \cap \omega, x_0 \neq P,</math>
  
−
<math>C </math> is any point of <math>AB, \theta </math> is circle <math>CPx_0, C' = \theta \cap A'B'</math> is the image <math>C</math> under spiral symilarity centered at <math>x_0.</math>
+
<math>C </math> is any point of <math>AB, \theta </math> is circle <math>CPx_0, C' = \theta \cap A'B'</math> is the image <math>C</math> under spiral symilarity centered at <math>x_0.</math> <cmath>\triangle AA'x_0 \sim \triangle BB'x_0 \sim  \triangle CC'x_0.</cmath>
  
 
<math>|k| = \frac {A'B'}{AB} = \frac {A'x_0}{Ax_0} = \frac {B'x_0}{Bx_0} = \frac {C'x_0}{Cx_0}</math> is the dilation factor,
 
<math>|k| = \frac {A'B'}{AB} = \frac {A'x_0}{Ax_0} = \frac {B'x_0}{Bx_0} = \frac {C'x_0}{Cx_0}</math> is the dilation factor,
  
 
<math>\arg(k) =\angle APA'=\angle Ax_0A' =\angle Bx_0B' =\angle Cx_0C'</math> is the angle of rotation.
 
<math>\arg(k) =\angle APA'=\angle Ax_0A' =\angle Bx_0B' =\angle Cx_0C'</math> is the angle of rotation.
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<cmath>\triangle AA'x_0 \sim \triangle BB'x_0 \sim  \triangle CC'x_0.</cmath>
+
 
 
   
 
   
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<i><b>Case 2</b></i> Any line segment <math>AB</math> can be mapped into any other <math>BB'</math> using the spiral similarity. Notation is shown on the diagram. <math>P = B = AB \cap BB'. \Omega </math> is circle <math>ABB,</math> (so it is tangent to <math>BB'), \omega </math> is circle tangent to <math>AB, x_0 = \Omega \cap \omega, x_0 \neq B, C </math> is any point of <math>AB, \theta </math> is circle <math>CBx_0, C' = \theta \cap BB'</math> is the image <math>C</math> under spiral symilarity centered at <math>x_0, |k| = \frac {BB'}{AB}</math> is the dilation factor, <math>\angle Ax_0B = \arg(k)</math> is the angle of rotation.  
+
<i><b>Case 2</b></i> Any line segment <math>AB</math> can be mapped into any other <math>BB'</math> using the spiral similarity. Notation is shown on the diagram. <math>B = AB \cap BB', \Omega</math> is circle <math>ABB</math> (so circle is tangent to <math>BB'), \omega </math> is circle tangent to <math>AB, x_0 = \Omega \cap \omega, x_0 \neq B, C </math> is any point of <math>AB, \theta </math> is circle <math>CBx_0,</math>
−
<cmath>\triangle ABx_0 \sim \triangle BB'x_0 \sim  \triangle CC'x_0.</cmath>
+
<math>C' = \theta \cap BB'</math> is the image <math>C</math> under spiral symilarity centered at <math>x_0.</math>
 +
<cmath>\triangle ABx_0 \sim \triangle BB'x_0 \sim  \triangle CC'x_0.</cmath>
 +
<math>|k| = \frac {BB'}{AB}</math> is the dilation factor,
 +
 
 +
<math>\angle Ax_0B = \arg(k)</math> is the angle of rotation.
  
 
==Hidden  spiral symilarity==
 
==Hidden  spiral symilarity==

Revision as of 12:57, 11 June 2023

Basic information

A spiral similarity is a plane transformation composed of a rotation of the plane and a dilation of the plane having the common center. The order in which the composition is taken is not important.

The transformation is linear and transforms any given object into an object homothetic to given.

On the complex plane, any spiral similarity can be expressed in the form $T(x) = x_0+k (x-x_0),$ where $k$ is a complex number. The magnitude $|k|$ is the dilation factor of the spiral similarity, and the argument $\arg(k)$ is the angle of rotation.

The spiral similarity is uniquely defined by the images of two distinct points. It is easy to show using the complex plane.

Spiral center.png
Spiral center 3.png

Let $A' = T(A), B' = T(B),$ with corresponding complex numbers $a', a, b',$ and $b,$ so \[a' = T(a) = x_0 + k (a - x_0), b' = T(b) = x_0+ k (b-x_0) \implies\] \[k = \frac {T(b) - T(a)}{b-a} = \frac {b' - a' }{b - a},\] \[x_0=\frac {ab' - ba' }{a-a'+b' -b}, a' - a \ne b' - b.\]

Case 1 Any line segment $AB$ can be mapped into any other $A'B'$ using the spiral similarity. Notation is shown on the diagram. $P = AB \cap A'B'.$

$\Omega$ is circle $AA'P, \omega$ is circle $BB'P, x_0 = \Omega \cap \omega, x_0 \neq P,$

$C$ is any point of $AB, \theta$ is circle $CPx_0, C' = \theta \cap A'B'$ is the image $C$ under spiral symilarity centered at $x_0.$ \[\triangle AA'x_0 \sim \triangle BB'x_0 \sim \triangle CC'x_0.\]

$|k| = \frac {A'B'}{AB} = \frac {A'x_0}{Ax_0} = \frac {B'x_0}{Bx_0} = \frac {C'x_0}{Cx_0}$ is the dilation factor,

$\arg(k) =\angle APA'=\angle Ax_0A' =\angle Bx_0B' =\angle Cx_0C'$ is the angle of rotation.


Case 2 Any line segment $AB$ can be mapped into any other $BB'$ using the spiral similarity. Notation is shown on the diagram. $B = AB \cap BB', \Omega$ is circle $ABB$ (so circle is tangent to $BB'), \omega$ is circle tangent to $AB, x_0 = \Omega \cap \omega, x_0 \neq B, C$ is any point of $AB, \theta$ is circle $CBx_0,$ $C' = \theta \cap BB'$ is the image $C$ under spiral symilarity centered at $x_0.$ \[\triangle ABx_0 \sim \triangle BB'x_0 \sim \triangle CC'x_0.\] $|k| = \frac {BB'}{AB}$ is the dilation factor,

$\angle Ax_0B = \arg(k)$ is the angle of rotation.

Hidden spiral symilarity

1932a Pras.png
1932b Pras.png

Let $\triangle ABC$ be an isosceles right triangle $(AC = BC).$ Let $S$ be a point on a circle with diameter $BC.$ The line $\ell$ is symmetrical to $SC$ with respect to $AB$ and intersects $BC$ at $D.$ Prove that $AS \perp DS.$

Proof

Denote $\angle SBC = \alpha, \angle SCB = \beta = 90^\circ - \alpha,$ \[\angle SCA = \alpha, \angle BSC = 90^\circ, k = \frac {SC}{SB} = \cot \beta.\] Let $SC$ cross perpendicular to $BC$ in point $B$ at point $D'.$

Then $\frac {BC}{BD'} = \cot \beta.$

Points $D$ and $D'$ are simmetric with respect $AB,$ so $BD = BD' \implies k = \frac {SC}{SB} = \frac {BC}{BD}.$

The spiral symilarity centered at $S$ with coefficient $k$ and the angle of rotation $90^\circ$ maps $B$ to $C$ and $D$ to point $D_0$ such that \[k \cdot BD_0 = BC = AC, \angle D_0CS = \angle DBS \implies D_0 = A.\]

Therefore $\angle ASC = \angle DSB \implies$ \[\angle ASD = \angle ASC - \angle DSC = \angle DSB - \angle DSC = \angle BSC = 90^\circ.\] vladimir.shelomovskii@gmail.com, vvsss

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