Difference between revisions of "AM-GM Inequality"

Revision as of 15:19, 29 November 2021

In Algebra, the AM-GM Inequality, or more formally the Inequality of Arithmetic and Geometric Means, states that the arithmetic mean is greater than or equal to the geometric mean of any list of nonnegative reals; furthermore, equality holds if and only if every real in the list is the same.

In symbols, the inequality states that for any real numbers $x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n \geq 0$ , $\frac{x_1 + x_2 + \cdots + x_n}{n} \geq \sqrt[n]{x_1 x_2 \cdots x_n}$ with equality if and only if $x_1 = x_2 = \cdots = x_n$ .

NOTE: This article is a work-in-progress and meant to replace the Arithmetic mean-geometric mean inequality article, which is of poor quality.

Proofs

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Generalizations

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Weighted AM-GM Inequality

There exists an inequality similar to AM-GM that concerns weighted weighted arithmetic and geometric means. The Weighted AM-GM Inequality states that for any real numbers $x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n \geq 0$ and any list of weights $\omega_1, \omega_2, \ldots, \omega_n \geq 0$ such that $\omega_1 + \omega_2 + \cdots + \omega_n = \omega$ , $\frac{\omega_1 x_1 + \omega_2 x_2 + \cdots + \omega_n x_n}{\omega} \geq \sqrt[\omega]{x_1^{\omega_1} x_2^{\omega_2} \cdots x_n^{\omega_n}},$ with equality if and only if $x_1 = x_2 = \cdots = x_n$ . When $\omega_1 = \omega_2 = \cdots = \omega_n = 1/n$ , the weighted form is reduced to the AM-GM Inequality. Several proofs of the Weighted AM-GM Inequality can be found in the proofs of AM-GM article.

Mean Inequality Chain

Main article: Mean Inequality Chain

The Mean Inequality Chain, also called the RMS-AM-GM-HM Inequality, relates the root mean square, arithmetic mean, geometric mean, and harmonic mean of a list of positive integers. In particular, it states that $\sqrt{\frac{x_1^2 + x_2^2 + \cdots + x_n^2}{n}} \geq \frac{x_1 + x_2 + \cdots + x_n}{n} \geq \sqrt[n]{x_1 x_2 \cdots x_n} \geq \frac{n}{\frac{1}{x_1} + \frac{1}{x_2} + \cdots + \frac{1}{x_n}},$ with equality if and only if $x_1 = x_2 = \cdots = x_n$ . Like AM-GM, there also exists a weighted version of the Mean Inequality Chain.

Power Mean Inequality

Main article: Power Mean Inequality

Introductory examples

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Intermediate examples

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Olympiad examples

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@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 === Weighted AM-GM Inequality ===
-There exists an inequality similar to AM-GM that concerns the weighted [[Weighted average | weighted]] arithmetic and geometric means of a list of nonnegative reals. The '''Weighted AM-GM Inequality''' states that for any real numbers <math>x_1,  x_2, \ldots, x_n \geq 0</math> and any list of weights <math>\omega_1,  \omega_2, \ldots, \omega_n \geq 0</math> such that <math>\omega_1 + \omega_2 + \cdots + \omega_n = \omega</math>, <cmath>\frac{\omega_1 x_1 + \omega_2 x_2 + \cdots + \omega_n x_n}{\omega} \geq \sqrt[\omega]{x_1^{\omega_1} x_2^{\omega_2} \cdots x_n^{\omega_n}},</cmath> with equality if and only if <math>x_1 = x_2 = \cdots = x_n</math>. When <math>\omega_1 = \omega_2 = \cdots = \omega_n = 1/n</math>, the weighted form is reduced to the AM-GM Inequality. Several proofs of the Weighted AM-GM Inequality can be found in the [[proofs of AM-GM]] article.
+There exists an inequality similar to AM-GM that concerns weighted [[Weighted average | weighted]] arithmetic and geometric means. The '''Weighted AM-GM Inequality''' states that for any real numbers <math>x_1,  x_2, \ldots, x_n \geq 0</math> and any list of weights <math>\omega_1,  \omega_2, \ldots, \omega_n \geq 0</math> such that <math>\omega_1 + \omega_2 + \cdots + \omega_n = \omega</math>, <cmath>\frac{\omega_1 x_1 + \omega_2 x_2 + \cdots + \omega_n x_n}{\omega} \geq \sqrt[\omega]{x_1^{\omega_1} x_2^{\omega_2} \cdots x_n^{\omega_n}},</cmath> with equality if and only if <math>x_1 = x_2 = \cdots = x_n</math>. When <math>\omega_1 = \omega_2 = \cdots = \omega_n = 1/n</math>, the weighted form is reduced to the AM-GM Inequality. Several proofs of the Weighted AM-GM Inequality can be found in the [[proofs of AM-GM]] article.
 === Mean Inequality Chain ===

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