Art of Problem Solving
AoPS Online
Math texts, online classes, and more
for students in grades 5-12.
Visit AoPS Online ‚
Books for Grades 5-12 Online Courses
Beast Academy
Engaging math books and online learning
for students ages 6-13.
Visit Beast Academy ‚
Books for Ages 6-13 Beast Academy Online
AoPS Academy
Small live classes for advanced math
and language arts learners in grades 2-12.
Visit AoPS Academy ‚
Find a Physical Campus Visit the Virtual Campus

Difference between revisions of "L'Hôpital's Rule"

m (→‎Introductory)
(→‎Proof)
Line 7: Line 7:
 
==Proof==
 
==Proof==
 
:''No proof of this theorem is available at this time. You can help AoPSWiki by [http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Wiki/index.php?title=L%27Hopital%27s_Rule&action=edit adding it].''
 
:''No proof of this theorem is available at this time. You can help AoPSWiki by [http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Wiki/index.php?title=L%27Hopital%27s_Rule&action=edit adding it].''
 +
 +
Video by 3Blue1Brown: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kfF40MiS7zA
 +
 +
Text explanation:
 +
 +
let <math>z(x) = \frac{f(x)}{g(x)}</math> where <math>f(x)</math> and <math>g(x)</math> are both nonzero function with value <math>0</math> at point <math>a</math>
 +
 +
(for example, <math>g(x) = cos(\frac{\pi}{2} x)</math>, <math>f(x) = 1-x</math>, and <math>a = 0</math>.)
 +
 +
Note that the points surrounding z(a) aren't approaching infinity, as a function like <math>f(x) = 1/x-1</math> might at <math>f(a)</math>
 +
 +
The points infinitely close to z(a) will be equal to <math>\lim{b\to \infty} \frac{f(a+b)}{g(a+b)}</math>
 +
 +
Noting that <math>\lim{b\to \infty} f(x+b)</math> and <math>\lim{b\to \infty} g(x+b)</math> are equal to <math>f'(x)</math> and <math>g'(x)</math> respectively.
 +
This means that the points approaching <math>\frac{f(x)}{g(x)}</math> at point a where <math>f(a)</math> and <math>g(a)</math> are equal to 0 are equal to $\frac{f'(x)}{g'(x)}
  
 
==Problems==
 
==Problems==

Revision as of 20:27, 11 March 2022

L'Hopital's Rule is a theorem dealing with limits that is very important to calculus.

Theorem

The theorem states that for real functions $f(x),g(x)$, if $\lim f(x),g(x)\in \{0,\pm \infty\}$ \[\lim\frac{f(x)}{g(x)}=\lim\frac{f'(x)}{g'(x)}\] Note that this implies that \[\lim\frac{f(x)}{g(x)}=\lim\frac{f^{(n)}(x)}{g^{(n)}(x)}=\lim\frac{f^{(-n)}(x)}{g^{(-n)}(x)}\]

Proof

No proof of this theorem is available at this time. You can help AoPSWiki by adding it.

Video by 3Blue1Brown: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kfF40MiS7zA

Text explanation:

let $z(x) = \frac{f(x)}{g(x)}$ where $f(x)$ and $g(x)$ are both nonzero function with value $0$ at point $a$

(for example, $g(x) = cos(\frac{\pi}{2} x)$, $f(x) = 1-x$, and $a = 0$.)

Note that the points surrounding z(a) aren't approaching infinity, as a function like $f(x) = 1/x-1$ might at $f(a)$

The points infinitely close to z(a) will be equal to $\lim{b\to \infty} \frac{f(a+b)}{g(a+b)}$

Noting that $\lim{b\to \infty} f(x+b)$ and $\lim{b\to \infty} g(x+b)$ are equal to $f'(x)$ and $g'(x)$ respectively. This means that the points approaching $\frac{f(x)}{g(x)}$ at point a where $f(a)$ and $g(a)$ are equal to 0 are equal to $\frac{f'(x)}{g'(x)}

Problems

Introductory

Intermediate

Olympiad

See Also

Retrieved from "https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php?title=L%27Hôpital%27s_Rule&oldid=172560"