Difference between revisions of "1997 AIME Problems/Problem 10"

Revision as of 02:20, 7 November 2021

Problem

Every card in a deck has a picture of one shape - circle, square, or triangle, which is painted in one of the three colors - red, blue, or green. Furthermore, each color is applied in one of three shades - light, medium, or dark. The deck has 27 cards, with every shape-color-shade combination represented. A set of three cards from the deck is called complementary if all of the following statements are true:

i. Either each of the three cards has a different shape or all three of the card have the same shape.

ii. Either each of the three cards has a different color or all three of the cards have the same color.

iii. Either each of the three cards has a different shade or all three of the cards have the same shade.

How many different complementary three-card sets are there?

Solution 2

Let's say we have picked two cards. We now compare their attributes to decide how we can pick the third card to make a complement set. For each of the three attributes, should the two values be the same we have one option - choose a card with the same value for that attribute. Furthermore, should the two be different there is only one option- choose the only value that is remaining. In this way, every two card pick corresponds to exactly one set, for a total of $\binom{27}{2} = 27*13 = 351$ possibilities. Note, however, that each set is generated by ${3\choose 2} = 3$ pairs, so we've overcounted by a multiple of 3 and the answer is $\frac{351}{3} = \boxed{117}$ .

Solution 3

Treat the sets as ordered. Then for each of the three criterion, there are $3!=6$ choices if the attribute is different and there are $3$ choices is the attribute is the same. Thus all three attributes combine to a total of $(6+3)^3=729$ possibilities. However if all three attributes are the same then the set must be composed of three cards that are the same, which is impossible. This takes out $3^3=27$ possibilities. Notice that we have counted every set $3!=6$ times by treating the set as ordered. the final solution is then $\frac{729-27}{6}=\boxed{117}$

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 __TOC__
-== Solution 1 ==
-*'''Case 1''': All three attributes are the same. This is impossible since sets contain distinct cards.
-*'''Case 2''': Two of the three attributes are the same. There are <math>{3\choose 2}</math> ways to pick the two attributes in question. Then there are <math>3</math> ways to pick the value of the first attribute, <math>3</math> ways to pick the value of the second attribute, and <math>1</math> way to arrange the positions of the third attribute, giving us <math>{3\choose 2} \cdot 3 \cdot 3 = 27</math> ways.
-*'''Case 3''': One of the three attributes are the same. There are <math>{3\choose 1}</math> ways to pick the one attribute in question, and then <math>3</math> ways to pick the value of that attribute. Then there are <math>3!</math> ways to arrange the positions of the next two attributes, giving us <math>{3\choose 1} \cdot 3 \cdot 3! = 54</math> ways.
-*'''Case 4''': None of the three attributes are the same. We fix the order of the first attribute, and then there are <math>3!</math> ways to pick the ordering of the second attribute and <math>3!</math> ways to pick the ordering of the third attribute. This gives us <math>(3!)^2 = 36</math> ways.
-Adding the cases up, we get <math>27 + 54 + 36 = \boxed{117}</math>.
 == Solution 2 ==

1997 AIME (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
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Difference between revisions of "1997 AIME Problems/Problem 10"

Revision as of 02:20, 7 November 2021

Problem

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Solution 2

Solution 3

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