Difference between revisions of "2019 AMC 10B Problems/Problem 18"

Revision as of 13:31, 1 May 2021

Problem

Henry decides one morning to do a workout, and he walks $\tfrac{3}{4}$ of the way from his home to his gym. The gym is $2$ kilometers away from Henry's home. At that point, he changes his mind and walks $\tfrac{3}{4}$ of the way from where he is back toward home. When he reaches that point, he changes his mind again and walks $\tfrac{3}{4}$ of the distance from there back toward the gym. If Henry keeps changing his mind when he has walked $\tfrac{3}{4}$ of the distance toward either the gym or home from the point where he last changed his mind, he will get very close to walking back and forth between a point $A$ kilometers from home and a point $B$ kilometers from home. What is $|A-B|$ ?

$\textbf{(A) } \frac{2}{3} \qquad \textbf{(B) } 1 \qquad \textbf{(C) } \frac{6}{5} \qquad \textbf{(D) } \frac{5}{4} \qquad \textbf{(E) } \frac{3}{2}$

Solution 1

Let the two points that Henry walks in between be $P$ and $Q$ , with $P$ being closer to home. As given in the problem statement, the distances of the points $P$ and $Q$ from his home are $A$ and $B$ respectively. By symmetry, the distance of point $Q$ from the gym is the same as the distance from home to point $P$ .

Thus, $A = 2 - B$ .

In addition, when he walks from point $Q$ to home, he walks $\frac{3}{4}$ of the distance, ending at point $P$ . Therefore, we know that $B - A = \frac{3}{4}B$ .

By substituting, we get $B - (2-B) = \frac{3}{4}\cdot B$ and we solve to get $B=\dfrac{8}{5}$ , so $A=2-\dfrac{8}{5}=\dfrac{2}{5}$ .

$|A-B|=\left|\dfrac{2}{5}-\dfrac{8}{5} \right|=\boxed{\textbf{(C) } \frac{6}{5}}$ .

Solution 2 (Not Rigorous)

We assume that Henry is walking back and forth exactly between points $P$ and $Q$ , with $P$ closer to Henry's home than $Q$ . Denote Henry's home as a point $H$ and the gym as a point $G$ . Then $HP:PQ = 1:3$ and $PQ:QG = 3:1$ , so $HP:PQ:QG = 1:3:1$ . Therefore, $|A-B| = PQ = \frac{3}{1+3+1} \cdot 2 = \frac{6}{5} = \boxed{\textbf{(C) } \frac{6}{5}}$ .

Solution 3 (not rigorous; similar to 2)

Since Henry is very close to walking back and forth between two points, let us denote $A$ closer to his house, and $B$ closer to the gym. Then, let us denote the distance from $A$ to $B$ as $x$ . If Henry was at $B$ and walked $\frac{3}{4}$ of the way, he would end up at $A$ , vice versa. Thus we can say that the distance from $A$ to the gym is $\frac{1}{4}$ the distance from $B$ to his house. That means it is $\frac{1}{3}x$ . This also applies to the other side. Furthermore, we can say $\frac{1}{3}x$ + $x$ + $\frac{1}{3}x$ = $2$ . We solve for $x$ and get $x=\frac{6}{5}$ . Therefore, the answer is $\boxed{\textbf{(C) } \frac{6}{5}}$ .

~aryam

Solution 4

Let $A$ have a distance of $x$ from the home. Then, the distance to the gym is $2-x$ . This means point $B$ and point $A$ are $\frac{3}{4} \cdot (2-x)$ away from one another. It also means that Point $B$ is located at $\frac{3}{4} (2-x) + x.$ So, the distance between the home and point $B$ is also $\frac{3}{4} (2-x) + x.$

It follows that point $A$ must be at a distance of $\frac{3}{4} \left( \frac{3}{4} (2-x) + x \right)$ from point $B$ . However, we also said that this distance has length $\frac{3}{4} (2-x)$ . So, we can set those equal, which gives the equation: $\frac{3}{4} \left( \frac{3}{4} (2-x) + x \right) = \frac{3}{4} (2-x).$

Solving, we get $x = \frac{2}{5}$ . This means $A$ is at point $\frac{2}{5}$ and $B$ is at point $\frac{3}{4} \cdot \frac{8}{5} + \frac{2}{5} = \frac{8}{5}.$

So, $|A - B| = \boxed{\frac{6}{5}}.$

Video Solution

For those who want a video solution: https://youtu.be/45kdBy3htOg

Video Solution 2

https://youtu.be/U5PjjZ-5MIQ

~IceMatrix

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 <math>\textbf{(A) } \frac{2}{3} \qquad \textbf{(B) } 1 \qquad \textbf{(C) } \frac{6}{5} \qquad \textbf{(D) } \frac{5}{4} \qquad \textbf{(E) } \frac{3}{2}</math>
-==Solution 1==
 ==Solution 1==
 Let the two points that Henry walks in between be <math>P</math> and <math>Q</math>, with <math>P</math> being closer to home. As given in the problem statement, the distances of the points <math>P</math> and <math>Q</math> from his home are <math>A</math> and <math>B</math> respectively. By symmetry, the distance of point <math>Q</math> from the gym is the same as the distance from home to point <math>P</math>.

2019 AMC 10B (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
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