Art of Problem Solving
AoPS Online
Math texts, online classes, and more
for students in grades 5-12.
Visit AoPS Online ‚
Books for Grades 5-12 Online Courses
Beast Academy
Engaging math books and online learning
for students ages 6-13.
Visit Beast Academy ‚
Books for Ages 6-13 Beast Academy Online
AoPS Academy
Small live classes for advanced math
and language arts learners in grades 2-12.
Visit AoPS Academy ‚
Find a Physical Campus Visit the Virtual Campus

Difference between revisions of "2015 AMC 10B Problems/Problem 20"

(→‎Solution 3 (3D Geo & Logic))
(→‎Solution 3 (3D Geo & Logic))
Line 29: Line 29:
  
 
== Solution 3 (3D Geo & Logic) ==
 
== Solution 3 (3D Geo & Logic) ==
−
Let's suppose the given corner on the cube is <math>(0,0,0)</math>. Erin has 3 identical ways to proceed. Suppose she goes to <math>(0,1,0)</math>. After that, she now has two more identical ways to go. Let's say she goes to <math>(0,1,1)</math>. She has to go to <math>(0,0,1)</math>, otherwise, she will end up on that point after 7 moves. This is because once if she chooses the other path to <math>(1,1,1)</math>, the endpoint is certain to be <math>(0,0,1)</math>, which is directly connected to <math>(0,0,0)</math>. After she goes to <math>(0,0,1)</math>, the only option she has is to go to <math>(1,0,1)</math>, then <math>(1,0,0)</math>, after that <math>(1,1,0)</math>, and finally <math>(1,1,1)</math>. She is forced to go this way because she cannot end up on <math>(1,0,0)</math>. At the start, she had 3 ways to choose, and after that 2 ways to choose, so <math>3*2=\boxed{\textbf{(A)}\; 6}</math>.
+
Let's suppose the given corner on the cube is <math>(0,0,0)</math>. Erin has 3 identical ways to proceed. She now has two more identical ways to go. Let's say she goes to <math>(0,1,1)</math>. She has to go to <math>(0,0,1)</math>, otherwise, she will end up on that point after 7 moves. This is because once if she chooses the other path to <math>(1,1,1)</math>, the endpoint is certain to be <math>(0,0,1)</math>, which is directly connected to <math>(0,0,0)</math>. After she goes to <math>(0,0,1)</math>, the only option she has is to go to <math>(1,0,1)</math>, then <math>(1,0,0)</math>, after that <math>(1,1,0)</math>, and finally <math>(1,1,1)</math>. She is forced to go this way because she cannot end up on <math>(1,0,0)</math> At the start, she had 3 ways to choose, and after that 2 ways to choose, so <math>3*2=\boxed{\textbf{(A)}\; 6}</math>.
  
 
~HelloWorld21
 
~HelloWorld21

Revision as of 15:11, 21 December 2020

Problem

Erin the ant starts at a given corner of a cube and crawls along exactly 7 edges in such a way that she visits every corner exactly once and then finds that she is unable to return along an edge to her starting point. How many paths are there meeting these conditions? $\textbf{(A) }\text{6}\qquad\textbf{(B) }\text{9}\qquad\textbf{(C) }\text{12}\qquad\textbf{(D) }\text{18}\qquad\textbf{(E) }\text{24}$

Solution 1 (Coloring)

[asy]import three; draw((1,1,1)--(1,0,1)--(1,0,0)--(0,0,0)--(0,0,1)--(0,1,1)--(1,1,1)--(1,1,0)--(0,1,0)--(0,1,1)); draw((0,0,1)--(1,0,1)); draw((1,0,0)--(1,1,0)); draw((0,0,0)--(0,1,0)); label("2",(0,0,0),S); label("A",(1,0,0),W); label("B",(0,0,1),N); label("1",(1,0,1),NW); label("3",(1,1,0),S); label("C",(0,1,0),E); label("D",(1,1,1),SE); label("4",(0,1,1),NE); [/asy]

We label the vertices of the cube as different letters and numbers shown above. We label these so that Erin can only crawl from a number to a letter or a letter to a number (this can be seen as a coloring argument). The starting point is labeled $A$.


If we define a "move" as each time Erin crawls along a single edge from one vertex to another, we see that after 7 moves, Erin must be on a numbered vertex. Since this numbered vertex cannot be one unit away from $A$ (since Erin cannot crawl back to $A$), this vertex must be $4$.


Therefore, we now just need to count the number of paths from $A$ to $4$. To count this, we can work backwards. There are 3 choices for which vertex Erin was at before she moved to $4$, and 2 choices for which vertex Erin was at 2 moves before $4$. All of Erin's previous moves were forced, so the total number of legal paths from $A$ to $4$ is $3 \cdot 2 = \boxed{\textbf{(A)}\; 6}$.

Solution 2 (3D Geometry)

Lets say that this cube is an unit cube and the given corner is $(0,0,0)$. Because Erin can not return back to its starting point, he can not be on $(0,0,1)$, $(0,1,0)$, or $(1,0,0)$. He can not be on $(1,1,0)$ , $(1,0,1)$, or $(0,1,1,)$ because after $7$ moves, the sum of all the coordinates has to be odd. Thus, Erin has to be at $(1,1,1)$. Now, we draw a net and see that there are $3$ choices for the first move, $2$ for the second, and the rest are forced. Thus the answer is $3*2 = \boxed{\textbf{(A)}\; 6}$.

-Lcz

Solution 3 (3D Geo & Logic)

Let's suppose the given corner on the cube is $(0,0,0)$. Erin has 3 identical ways to proceed. She now has two more identical ways to go. Let's say she goes to $(0,1,1)$. She has to go to $(0,0,1)$, otherwise, she will end up on that point after 7 moves. This is because once if she chooses the other path to $(1,1,1)$, the endpoint is certain to be $(0,0,1)$, which is directly connected to $(0,0,0)$. After she goes to $(0,0,1)$, the only option she has is to go to $(1,0,1)$, then $(1,0,0)$, after that $(1,1,0)$, and finally $(1,1,1)$. She is forced to go this way because she cannot end up on $(1,0,0)$ At the start, she had 3 ways to choose, and after that 2 ways to choose, so $3*2=\boxed{\textbf{(A)}\; 6}$.

~HelloWorld21

See Also

2015 AMC 10B (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 19 		Followed by
Problem 21
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25
All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions. AMC logo.png

Retrieved from "https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php?title=2015_AMC_10B_Problems/Problem_20&oldid=140100"