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| + | There is a unique positive real number <math>x</math> such that the three numbers <math>\log_8{2x}</math>, <math>\log_4{x}</math>, and <math>\log_2{x}</math>, in that order, form a geometric progression with positive common ratio. The number <math>x</math> can be written as <math>\frac{m}{n}</math>, where <math>m</math> and <math>n</math> are relatively prime positive integers. Find <math>m + n</math>. |
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| == Solution == | | == Solution == |
Revision as of 14:49, 14 December 2020
Problem
There is a unique positive real number such that the three numbers , , and , in that order, form a geometric progression with positive common ratio. The number can be written as , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .
Solution
Since these form a geometric series, is the common ratio. Rewriting this, we get by base change formula. Therefore, the common ratio is 2. Now
. Therefore, .
~ JHawk0224
See here for a video solution:
https://youtu.be/nPL7nUXnRbo
Another video solution:
https://youtu.be/4FvYVfhhTaQ
Video solution (*)
https://youtu.be/FgrIgCyGVUI
Solution 2
If we set , we can obtain three terms of a geometric sequence through logarithm properties. The three terms are In a three-term geometric sequence, the middle term squared is equal to the product of the other two terms, so we obtain the following: which can be solved to reveal . Therefore, , so our answer is .
-molocyxu
Solution 3
Let be the common ratio. We have
Hence we obtain
Ideally we change everything to base and we can get:
Now divide to get:
By change-of-base we obtain:
Hence and we have as desired.
~skyscraper
Solution 4 (Exponents > Logarithms)
Let be the common ratio, and let be the starting term (). We then have: Rearranging these equations gives:
Deal with the last two equations first: Setting them equal gives: Using this value of , substitute into the first and second equations (or the first and third, it doesn't really matter) to get: Changing these to a common base gives: Dividing the first equation by 2 on both sides yields: Setting these equations equal to each other and removing the exponent again gives: Substituting this back into the first equation gives: Therefore,
~IAmTheHazard
Solution 5
We can relate the logarithms as follows:
Now we can convert all logarithm bases to using the identity :
We can solve for as follows:
We get . Verifying that the common ratio is positive, we find the answer of .
~QIDb602
Solution 6
If the numbers are in a geometric sequence, the middle term must be the geometric mean of the surrounding terms. We can rewrite the first two logarithmic expressions as and , respectively. Therefore:
Let . We can rewrite the expression as:
Zero does not work in this case, so we consider : . Therefore, .
~Bowser498
Solution 7 (Official MAA)
By the Change of Base Formula the common ratio of the progression isHence must satisfyThis is equivalent to . Hence and . The requested sum is .
See here for a video solution:
https://youtu.be/nPL7nUXnRbo
Video Solution
https://youtu.be/mgRNqSDCvgM?t=281s
See Also
The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions.