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Difference between revisions of "2015 AMC 10B Problems/Problem 21"

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m (Formatted headers and LaTeXed some numbers)
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<math>\textbf{(A) }9\qquad\textbf{(B) }11\qquad\textbf{(C) }12\qquad\textbf{(D) }13\qquad\textbf{(E) }15</math>
 
<math>\textbf{(A) }9\qquad\textbf{(B) }11\qquad\textbf{(C) }12\qquad\textbf{(D) }13\qquad\textbf{(E) }15</math>
  
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==Solutions==
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==Solution 1==
  
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===Solution 1===
 
 
We can translate this wordy problem into this simple equation:
 
We can translate this wordy problem into this simple equation:
  
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We will proceed to solve this equation via casework.
 
We will proceed to solve this equation via casework.
  
−
Case 1: <math>\left\lceil \frac{s}{2} \right\rceil = \frac{s}{2}</math>
+
Case <math>1</math>: <math>\left\lceil \frac{s}{2} \right\rceil = \frac{s}{2}</math>
  
 
Our equation becomes <math>\frac{s}{2} - 19 = \frac{s}{5} + \frac{j}{5}</math>, where <math>j \in \{0,1,2,3,4\}</math> Using the fact that <math>s</math> is an integer, we quickly find that <math>j=1</math> and <math>j=4</math> yield <math>s=64</math> and <math>s=66</math>, respectively.
 
Our equation becomes <math>\frac{s}{2} - 19 = \frac{s}{5} + \frac{j}{5}</math>, where <math>j \in \{0,1,2,3,4\}</math> Using the fact that <math>s</math> is an integer, we quickly find that <math>j=1</math> and <math>j=4</math> yield <math>s=64</math> and <math>s=66</math>, respectively.
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<br>
 
<br>
  
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Case 2: <math>\left\lceil \frac{s}{2} \right\rceil = \frac{s}{2}+\frac{1}{2}</math>
+
Case <math>2</math>: <math>\left\lceil \frac{s}{2} \right\rceil = \frac{s}{2}+\frac{1}{2}</math>
  
 
Our equation becomes <math>\frac{s}{2} +\frac{1}{2} - 19 = \frac{s}{5} + \frac{j}{5}</math>, where <math>j \in \{0,1,2,3,4\}</math> Using the fact that <math>s</math> is an integer, we quickly find that <math>j=2</math> yields <math>s=63</math>. Summing up we get <math>63+64+66=193</math>. The sum of the digits is <math>\boxed{\textbf{(D)}\; 13}</math>.
 
Our equation becomes <math>\frac{s}{2} +\frac{1}{2} - 19 = \frac{s}{5} + \frac{j}{5}</math>, where <math>j \in \{0,1,2,3,4\}</math> Using the fact that <math>s</math> is an integer, we quickly find that <math>j=2</math> yields <math>s=63</math>. Summing up we get <math>63+64+66=193</math>. The sum of the digits is <math>\boxed{\textbf{(D)}\; 13}</math>.
  
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===Solution 2===
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==Solution 2==
  
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We know from the problem that Dash goes 3 steps further than Cozy per jump (assuming they aren't within 4 steps from the top). That means that if Dash takes 19 fewer jumps than Cozy to get to the top of the staircase, the staircase must be at least 57 steps high (3*19=57). We then start using guess-and-check:
+
We know from the problem that Dash goes <math>3</math> steps further than Cozy per jump (assuming they aren't within <math>4</math> steps from the top). That means that if Dash takes <math>19</math> fewer jumps than Cozy to get to the top of the staircase, the staircase must be at least <math>57</math> steps high (3*19=57). We then start using guess-and-check:
  
 
<math>57</math> steps: <math>\left \lceil {57/2} \right \rceil = 29</math> jumps for Cozy, and <math>\left \lceil {57/5} \right \rceil = 12</math> jumps for Dash, giving a difference of <math>17</math> jumps.
 
<math>57</math> steps: <math>\left \lceil {57/2} \right \rceil = 29</math> jumps for Cozy, and <math>\left \lceil {57/5} \right \rceil = 12</math> jumps for Dash, giving a difference of <math>17</math> jumps.
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<math>\vdots</math>
 
<math>\vdots</math>
  
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By the time we test <math>61</math> steps, we notice that when the number of steps exceeds a multiple of <math>2</math>, the difference in jumps increases. So, we have to find the next number that will increase the difference. <math>62</math> doesn't because both both Cozy's and Dash's number of jumps increases, but <math>63</math> does, and <math>64</math>. <math>65</math> actually gives a difference of 20 jumps, but <math>66</math> goes back down to 19 (because Dash had to take another jump when Cozy didn't). We don't need to go any further because the difference will stay above 19 onward.
+
By the time we test <math>61</math> steps, we notice that when the number of steps exceeds a multiple of <math>2</math>, the difference in jumps increases. So, we have to find the next number that will increase the difference. <math>62</math> doesn't because both both Cozy's and Dash's number of jumps increases, but <math>63</math> does, and <math>64</math>. <math>65</math> actually gives a difference of <math>20</math> jumps, but <math>66</math> goes back down to <math>19</math> (because Dash had to take another jump when Cozy didn't). We don't need to go any further because the difference will stay above <math>19</math> onward.
  
 
Therefore, the possible numbers of steps in the staircase are <math>63</math>, <math>64</math>, and <math>66</math>, giving a sum of <math>193</math>. The sum of those digits is <math>13</math>, so the answer is <math>\boxed{D}</math>
 
Therefore, the possible numbers of steps in the staircase are <math>63</math>, <math>64</math>, and <math>66</math>, giving a sum of <math>193</math>. The sum of those digits is <math>13</math>, so the answer is <math>\boxed{D}</math>
  
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===Solution 3===
+
==Solution 3==
  
 
We're looking for natural numbers <math>x</math> such that <math>\left \lceil{\frac{x}{5}}\right \rceil + 19 = \left \lceil{\frac{x}{2}}\right \rceil</math>.
 
We're looking for natural numbers <math>x</math> such that <math>\left \lceil{\frac{x}{5}}\right \rceil + 19 = \left \lceil{\frac{x}{2}}\right \rceil</math>.
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<math>19 - 3a = \left \lceil{\frac{b}{2}}\right \rceil - \left \lceil{\frac{b}{5}}\right \rceil</math>.
 
<math>19 - 3a = \left \lceil{\frac{b}{2}}\right \rceil - \left \lceil{\frac{b}{5}}\right \rceil</math>.
  
−
Obviously, since <math>b \le 10</math>, this will not work for any value under 6. In addition, since obviously <math>\frac{b}{2} \ge \frac{b}{5}</math>, this will not work for any value over six, so we have <math>a = 6</math> and <math>\left \lceil{\frac{b}{2}}\right \rceil - \left \lceil{\frac{b}{5}}\right \rceil = 1.</math>
+
Obviously, since <math>b \le 10</math>, this will not work for any value under <math>6</math>. In addition, since obviously <math>\frac{b}{2} \ge \frac{b}{5}</math>, this will not work for any value over six, so we have <math>a = 6</math> and <math>\left \lceil{\frac{b}{2}}\right \rceil - \left \lceil{\frac{b}{5}}\right \rceil = 1.</math>
  
 
This can be achieved when <math>\left \lceil{\frac{b}{5}}\right \rceil = 1</math> and <math>\left \lceil{\frac{b}{2}}\right \rceil = 2</math>, or when <math>\left \lceil{\frac{b}{5}}\right \rceil = 2</math> and <math>\left \lceil{\frac{b}{2}}\right \rceil = 3</math>.
 
This can be achieved when <math>\left \lceil{\frac{b}{5}}\right \rceil = 1</math> and <math>\left \lceil{\frac{b}{2}}\right \rceil = 2</math>, or when <math>\left \lceil{\frac{b}{5}}\right \rceil = 2</math> and <math>\left \lceil{\frac{b}{2}}\right \rceil = 3</math>.
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We then have <math>63 + 64 + 66 = 193</math>, which has a digit sum of <math>\boxed{13}</math>.
 
We then have <math>63 + 64 + 66 = 193</math>, which has a digit sum of <math>\boxed{13}</math>.
  
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===Solution 4===
+
==Solution 4==
 
Translate the problem into following equation:
 
Translate the problem into following equation:
  
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<math>3D = 38 + \{0 \sim 4\} - \{0 \sim 1\}</math>
 
<math>3D = 38 + \{0 \sim 4\} - \{0 \sim 1\}</math>
  
−
We then have <math>D = 13</math> when <math>\{1\} - \{0\}</math> or <math>\{2\} - \{1\}</math>(dog's last jump has 2 steps and cat's last jump has 1 step), which yields <math>n = 64</math> and <math>n = 63</math> respectively.
+
We then have <math>D = 13</math> when <math>\{1\} - \{0\}</math> or <math>\{2\} - \{1\}</math> (the dog's last jump has <math>2</math> steps and the cat's last jump has <math>1</math> step), which yields <math>n = 64</math> and <math>n = 63</math> respectively.
  
 
Another solution is <math>D = 14</math> when <math>\{4\} - \{0\}</math>, which yields <math>n = 66</math>.
 
Another solution is <math>D = 14</math> when <math>\{4\} - \{0\}</math>, which yields <math>n = 66</math>.

Revision as of 17:11, 13 July 2020

Problem

Cozy the Cat and Dash the Dog are going up a staircase with a certain number of steps. However, instead of walking up the steps one at a time, both Cozy and Dash jump. Cozy goes two steps up with each jump (though if necessary, he will just jump the last step). Dash goes five steps up with each jump (though if necessary, he will just jump the last steps if there are fewer than $5$ steps left). Suppose the Dash takes $19$ fewer jumps than Cozy to reach the top of the staircase. Let $s$ denote the sum of all possible numbers of steps this staircase can have. What is the sum of the digits of $s$?

$\textbf{(A) }9\qquad\textbf{(B) }11\qquad\textbf{(C) }12\qquad\textbf{(D) }13\qquad\textbf{(E) }15$

Solution 1

We can translate this wordy problem into this simple equation:

\[\left\lceil \frac{s}{2} \right\rceil - 19 = \left\lceil \frac{s}{5} \right\rceil\]

We will proceed to solve this equation via casework.

Case $1$: $\left\lceil \frac{s}{2} \right\rceil = \frac{s}{2}$

Our equation becomes $\frac{s}{2} - 19 = \frac{s}{5} + \frac{j}{5}$, where $j \in \{0,1,2,3,4\}$ Using the fact that $s$ is an integer, we quickly find that $j=1$ and $j=4$ yield $s=64$ and $s=66$, respectively.


Case $2$: $\left\lceil \frac{s}{2} \right\rceil = \frac{s}{2}+\frac{1}{2}$

Our equation becomes $\frac{s}{2} +\frac{1}{2} - 19 = \frac{s}{5} + \frac{j}{5}$, where $j \in \{0,1,2,3,4\}$ Using the fact that $s$ is an integer, we quickly find that $j=2$ yields $s=63$. Summing up we get $63+64+66=193$. The sum of the digits is $\boxed{\textbf{(D)}\; 13}$.

Solution 2

We know from the problem that Dash goes $3$ steps further than Cozy per jump (assuming they aren't within $4$ steps from the top). That means that if Dash takes $19$ fewer jumps than Cozy to get to the top of the staircase, the staircase must be at least $57$ steps high (3*19=57). We then start using guess-and-check:

$57$ steps: $\left \lceil {57/2} \right \rceil = 29$ jumps for Cozy, and $\left \lceil {57/5} \right \rceil = 12$ jumps for Dash, giving a difference of $17$ jumps.

$58$ steps: $\left \lceil {58/2} \right \rceil = 29$ jumps for Cozy, and $\left \lceil {57/5} \right \rceil = 12$ jumps for Dash, giving a difference of $17$ jumps.

$59$ steps: $\left \lceil {59/2} \right \rceil = 30$ jumps for Cozy, and $\left \lceil {59/5} \right \rceil = 12$ jumps for Dash, giving a difference of $18$ jumps.

$\vdots$

By the time we test $61$ steps, we notice that when the number of steps exceeds a multiple of $2$, the difference in jumps increases. So, we have to find the next number that will increase the difference. $62$ doesn't because both both Cozy's and Dash's number of jumps increases, but $63$ does, and $64$. $65$ actually gives a difference of $20$ jumps, but $66$ goes back down to $19$ (because Dash had to take another jump when Cozy didn't). We don't need to go any further because the difference will stay above $19$ onward.

Therefore, the possible numbers of steps in the staircase are $63$, $64$, and $66$, giving a sum of $193$. The sum of those digits is $13$, so the answer is $\boxed{D}$

Solution 3

We're looking for natural numbers $x$ such that $\left \lceil{\frac{x}{5}}\right \rceil + 19 = \left \lceil{\frac{x}{2}}\right \rceil$.

Let's call $x = 10a + b$. We now have $2a + \left \lceil{\frac{b}{5}}\right \rceil + 19 = 5a + \left \lceil{\frac{b}{2}}\right \rceil$, or

$19 - 3a = \left \lceil{\frac{b}{2}}\right \rceil - \left \lceil{\frac{b}{5}}\right \rceil$.

Obviously, since $b \le 10$, this will not work for any value under $6$. In addition, since obviously $\frac{b}{2} \ge \frac{b}{5}$, this will not work for any value over six, so we have $a = 6$ and $\left \lceil{\frac{b}{2}}\right \rceil - \left \lceil{\frac{b}{5}}\right \rceil = 1.$

This can be achieved when $\left \lceil{\frac{b}{5}}\right \rceil = 1$ and $\left \lceil{\frac{b}{2}}\right \rceil = 2$, or when $\left \lceil{\frac{b}{5}}\right \rceil = 2$ and $\left \lceil{\frac{b}{2}}\right \rceil = 3$.

Case One:

We have $b \le 5$ and $3 \le b \le 4$, so $b = 3, 4$.

Case Two:

We have $6 \le b \le 9$ and $5 \le b \le 6$, so $b = 6$.

We then have $63 + 64 + 66 = 193$, which has a digit sum of $\boxed{13}$.

Solution 4

Translate the problem into following equation:

$n = 5D - \{0 \sim 4\} = 2C - \{0 \sim 1\}$

Since $C = D + 19$, we have

$5D - \{0 \sim 4\} = 2D + 38 - \{0 \sim 1\}$

i.e.,

$3D = 38 + \{0 \sim 4\} - \{0 \sim 1\}$

We then have $D = 13$ when $\{1\} - \{0\}$ or $\{2\} - \{1\}$ (the dog's last jump has $2$ steps and the cat's last jump has $1$ step), which yields $n = 64$ and $n = 63$ respectively.

Another solution is $D = 14$ when $\{4\} - \{0\}$, which yields $n = 66$.

Therefore, with $63 + 64 + 66 = 193$, the digit sum is $\boxed{13}$.

Video Solution

https://youtu.be/TpHZVbBGmVQ

~IceMatrix

See Also

2015 AMC 10B (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 20 		Followed by
Problem 22
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All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions

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