Art of Problem Solving
AoPS Online
Math texts, online classes, and more
for students in grades 5-12.
Visit AoPS Online ‚
Books for Grades 5-12 Online Courses
Beast Academy
Engaging math books and online learning
for students ages 6-13.
Visit Beast Academy ‚
Books for Ages 6-13 Beast Academy Online
AoPS Academy
Small live classes for advanced math
and language arts learners in grades 2-12.
Visit AoPS Academy ‚
Find a Physical Campus Visit the Virtual Campus

Difference between revisions of "2018 AMC 12A Problems/Problem 19"

(→‎Solution 2)
(→‎Solution 2)
Line 13: Line 13:
 
== Solution 2==
 
== Solution 2==
 
Separate into 7 separate infinite series's so we can calculate each and find the original sum:  
 
Separate into 7 separate infinite series's so we can calculate each and find the original sum:  
 +
 
The first infinite sequence shall be all the reciprocals of the powers of <math>2</math>, the second shall be reciprocals of the powers of <math>3</math>, and the third will consist of reciprocals of the powers of 5. We can easily calculate these to be <math>1, 1/2, 1/4</math> respectively.  
 
The first infinite sequence shall be all the reciprocals of the powers of <math>2</math>, the second shall be reciprocals of the powers of <math>3</math>, and the third will consist of reciprocals of the powers of 5. We can easily calculate these to be <math>1, 1/2, 1/4</math> respectively.  
  
 
The fourth infinite series shall be all real numbers in the form <math> 1/(2^a3^b)</math>, where <math>a</math> and <math>b</math> are greater than or equal to 1.  
 
The fourth infinite series shall be all real numbers in the form <math> 1/(2^a3^b)</math>, where <math>a</math> and <math>b</math> are greater than or equal to 1.  
 +
 
The fifth is all real numbers in the form <math> 1/(2^a5^b)</math>, where <math>a</math> and <math>b</math> are greater than or equal to 1.  
 
The fifth is all real numbers in the form <math> 1/(2^a5^b)</math>, where <math>a</math> and <math>b</math> are greater than or equal to 1.  
 +
 
The sixth is all real numbers in the form <math> 1/(3^a5^b)</math>, where <math>a</math> and <math>b</math> are greater than or equal to 1.  
 
The sixth is all real numbers in the form <math> 1/(3^a5^b)</math>, where <math>a</math> and <math>b</math> are greater than or equal to 1.  
 +
 
The seventh infinite series is all real numbers in the form <math> 1/(2^a3^b5^c)</math>, where <math>a</math> and <math>b</math> and <math>c</math> are greater than or equal to 1.  
 
The seventh infinite series is all real numbers in the form <math> 1/(2^a3^b5^c)</math>, where <math>a</math> and <math>b</math> and <math>c</math> are greater than or equal to 1.  
 +
 
Let us denote the first sequence as <math>a_{1}</math>, the second as <math>a_{2}</math>, etc. We know <math>a_{1}=1</math>, <math>a_{2}=1/2</math>, <math>a_{3}=1/4</math>, let us find <math>a_{4}</math>. factoring out <math>1/6</math> from the terms in this subsequence, we would get <math>a_{4}=1/6(1+a_{1}+a_{2}+a_{4})</math>.  
 
Let us denote the first sequence as <math>a_{1}</math>, the second as <math>a_{2}</math>, etc. We know <math>a_{1}=1</math>, <math>a_{2}=1/2</math>, <math>a_{3}=1/4</math>, let us find <math>a_{4}</math>. factoring out <math>1/6</math> from the terms in this subsequence, we would get <math>a_{4}=1/6(1+a_{1}+a_{2}+a_{4})</math>.  
 +
 
Knowing <math>a_{1}</math> and <math>a_{2}</math>, we can substitute and solve for <math>a_{4}</math>, and we get <math>1/2</math>. If we do similar procedures for the fifth and sixth sequences, we can solve for them too, and we get after solving them <math>1/4</math> and <math>1/8</math>.  
 
Knowing <math>a_{1}</math> and <math>a_{2}</math>, we can substitute and solve for <math>a_{4}</math>, and we get <math>1/2</math>. If we do similar procedures for the fifth and sixth sequences, we can solve for them too, and we get after solving them <math>1/4</math> and <math>1/8</math>.  
 +
 
Finally, for the seventh sequence, we see <math>a_{7}=1/30(a_{8})</math>, where <math>a_{8}</math>  is the infinite series the problem is asking us to solve for. The sum of all seven subsequences will equal the one we are looking for, so solving, we get <math>1+1/2+1/4+1/2+1/4+1/8+1/30(a_{8})=a_{8}</math>, but when we separated the sequence into its parts, we ignored the <math>1/1</math>, so adding in the <math>1</math>, we get <math>1+1+1/2+1/4+1/2+1/4+1/8+1/30(a_{8})=a_{8}</math>, which when we solve for, we get <math>29/8=29/30(a_{8})</math>, <math>1/8=1/30(a_{8})</math>, <math>30/8=(a_{8})</math>, <math>15/4=(a_{8})</math>. So our answer is <math>\frac{15}{4}</math>, but we are asked to add the numerator and denominator, which sums up to <math>19</math>, which is the answer.
 
Finally, for the seventh sequence, we see <math>a_{7}=1/30(a_{8})</math>, where <math>a_{8}</math>  is the infinite series the problem is asking us to solve for. The sum of all seven subsequences will equal the one we are looking for, so solving, we get <math>1+1/2+1/4+1/2+1/4+1/8+1/30(a_{8})=a_{8}</math>, but when we separated the sequence into its parts, we ignored the <math>1/1</math>, so adding in the <math>1</math>, we get <math>1+1+1/2+1/4+1/2+1/4+1/8+1/30(a_{8})=a_{8}</math>, which when we solve for, we get <math>29/8=29/30(a_{8})</math>, <math>1/8=1/30(a_{8})</math>, <math>30/8=(a_{8})</math>, <math>15/4=(a_{8})</math>. So our answer is <math>\frac{15}{4}</math>, but we are asked to add the numerator and denominator, which sums up to <math>19</math>, which is the answer.
  

Revision as of 00:50, 25 January 2020

Problem

Let $A$ be the set of positive integers that have no prime factors other than $2$, $3$, or $5$. The infinite sum \[\frac{1}{1} + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{5} + \frac{1}{6} + \frac{1}{8} + \frac{1}{9} + \frac{1}{10} + \frac{1}{12} + \frac{1}{15} + \frac{1}{16} + \frac{1}{18} + \frac{1}{20} + \cdots\]of the reciprocals of the elements of $A$ can be expressed as $\frac{m}{n}$, where $m$ and $n$ are relatively prime positive integers. What is $m+n$?

$\textbf{(A)} \text{ 16} \qquad \textbf{(B)} \text{ 17} \qquad \textbf{(C)} \text{ 19} \qquad \textbf{(D)} \text{ 23} \qquad \textbf{(E)} \text{ 36}$

Solution

It's just \[\sum_{a=0}^\infty\frac1{2^a}\sum_{b=0}^\infty\frac1{3^b}\sum_{c=0}^\infty\frac{1}{5^c} =\sum_{a=0}^\infty\sum_{b=0}^\infty\sum_{c=0}^\infty\frac1{2^a3^b5^c} = 2 \cdot \frac32 \cdot \frac54 = \frac{15}{4}\Rightarrow\textbf{(C)}.\] since this represents all the numbers in the denominator. (athens2016)

Solution 2

Separate into 7 separate infinite series's so we can calculate each and find the original sum:

The first infinite sequence shall be all the reciprocals of the powers of $2$, the second shall be reciprocals of the powers of $3$, and the third will consist of reciprocals of the powers of 5. We can easily calculate these to be $1, 1/2, 1/4$ respectively.

The fourth infinite series shall be all real numbers in the form $1/(2^a3^b)$, where $a$ and $b$ are greater than or equal to 1.

The fifth is all real numbers in the form $1/(2^a5^b)$, where $a$ and $b$ are greater than or equal to 1.

The sixth is all real numbers in the form $1/(3^a5^b)$, where $a$ and $b$ are greater than or equal to 1.

The seventh infinite series is all real numbers in the form $1/(2^a3^b5^c)$, where $a$ and $b$ and $c$ are greater than or equal to 1.

Let us denote the first sequence as $a_{1}$, the second as $a_{2}$, etc. We know $a_{1}=1$, $a_{2}=1/2$, $a_{3}=1/4$, let us find $a_{4}$. factoring out $1/6$ from the terms in this subsequence, we would get $a_{4}=1/6(1+a_{1}+a_{2}+a_{4})$.

Knowing $a_{1}$ and $a_{2}$, we can substitute and solve for $a_{4}$, and we get $1/2$. If we do similar procedures for the fifth and sixth sequences, we can solve for them too, and we get after solving them $1/4$ and $1/8$.

Finally, for the seventh sequence, we see $a_{7}=1/30(a_{8})$, where $a_{8}$ is the infinite series the problem is asking us to solve for. The sum of all seven subsequences will equal the one we are looking for, so solving, we get $1+1/2+1/4+1/2+1/4+1/8+1/30(a_{8})=a_{8}$, but when we separated the sequence into its parts, we ignored the $1/1$, so adding in the $1$, we get $1+1+1/2+1/4+1/2+1/4+1/8+1/30(a_{8})=a_{8}$, which when we solve for, we get $29/8=29/30(a_{8})$, $1/8=1/30(a_{8})$, $30/8=(a_{8})$, $15/4=(a_{8})$. So our answer is $\frac{15}{4}$, but we are asked to add the numerator and denominator, which sums up to $19$, which is the answer.

See Also

2018 AMC 12A (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 18 		Followed by
Problem 20
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25
All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions. AMC logo.png

Retrieved from "https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php?title=2018_AMC_12A_Problems/Problem_19&oldid=115507"