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Difference between revisions of "2015 AMC 8 Problems/Problem 25"

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<asy>
 
<asy>
 
draw((0,0)--(0,5)--(5,5)--(5,0)--cycle);  
 
draw((0,0)--(0,5)--(5,5)--(5,0)--cycle);  
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filldraw((0,4)--(1,4)--(1,5)--(0,5)--cycle, gray);  
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filldraw((0,4)--(1,4)--(1,5)--(0,5)--cycle, red);  
 
filldraw((0,0)--(1,0)--(1,1)--(0,1)--cycle, gray);  
 
filldraw((0,0)--(1,0)--(1,1)--(0,1)--cycle, gray);  
 
filldraw((4,0)--(4,1)--(5,1)--(5,0)--cycle, gray);  
 
filldraw((4,0)--(4,1)--(5,1)--(5,0)--cycle, gray);  

Revision as of 21:50, 3 November 2019

One-inch squares are cut from the corners of this 5 inch square. What is the area in square inches of the largest square that can be fitted into the remaining space?

$\textbf{(A) } 9\qquad \textbf{(B) } 12\frac{1}{2}\qquad \textbf{(C) } 15\qquad \textbf{(D) } 15\frac{1}{2}\qquad \textbf{(E) } 17$

[asy] draw((0,0)--(0,5)--(5,5)--(5,0)--cycle); filldraw((0,4)--(1,4)--(1,5)--(0,5)--cycle, gray); filldraw((0,0)--(1,0)--(1,1)--(0,1)--cycle, gray); filldraw((4,0)--(4,1)--(5,1)--(5,0)--cycle, gray); filldraw((4,4)--(4,5)--(5,5)--(5,4)--cycle, gray); [/asy]

Solution 1

We can draw a diagram as shown. [asy] draw((0,0)--(0,5)--(5,5)--(5,0)--cycle); filldraw((0,4)--(1,4)--(1,5)--(0,5)--cycle, gray); filldraw((0,0)--(1,0)--(1,1)--(0,1)--cycle, gray); filldraw((4,0)--(4,1)--(5,1)--(5,0)--cycle, gray); filldraw((4,4)--(4,5)--(5,5)--(5,4)--cycle, gray); path arc = arc((2.5,4),1.5,0,90); pair P = intersectionpoint(arc,(0,5)--(5,5)); pair Pp=rotate(90,(2.5,2.5))*P, Ppp = rotate(90,(2.5,2.5))*Pp, Pppp=rotate(90,(2.5,2.5))*Ppp; draw(P--Pp--Ppp--Pppp--cycle); [/asy] Let us focus on the big triangles taking up the rest of the space. The triangles on top of the unit square between the inscribed square, are similiar to the $4$ big triangles by $AA.$ Let the height of a big triangle be $x$ then $\tfrac{x}{x-1}=\tfrac{5-x}{1}$. \[x=-x^2+6x-5\] \[x^2-5x+5=0\] \[x=\dfrac{5\pm \sqrt{(-5)^2-(4)(1)(5)}}{2}\] \[x=\dfrac{5\pm \sqrt{5}}{2}\] Thus $x=\dfrac{5-\sqrt{5}}{2}$, because by symmetry, $x < \dfrac52$.

This means the area of each triangle is $\dfrac{5-\sqrt{5}}{2}*(5-\dfrac{5-\sqrt{5}}{2})*\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{5}{2}$ Thus the area of the square is $25-(4*\dfrac{5}{2})=\boxed{\textbf{(C)}~15}$

Solution 2

We draw a square as shown:

[asy] draw((0,0)--(0,5)--(5,5)--(5,0)--cycle); filldraw((0,4)--(1,4)--(1,5)--(0,5)--cycle, red); filldraw((0,0)--(1,0)--(1,1)--(0,1)--cycle, gray); filldraw((4,0)--(4,1)--(5,1)--(5,0)--cycle, gray); filldraw((4,4)--(4,5)--(5,5)--(5,4)--cycle, gray); path arc = arc((2.5,4),1.5,0,90); pair P = intersectionpoint(arc,(0,5)--(5,5)); pair Pp=rotate(90,(2.5,2.5))*P, Ppp = rotate(90,(2.5,2.5))*Pp, Pppp=rotate(90,(2.5,2.5))*Ppp; draw(P--Pp--Ppp--Pppp--cycle); filldraw((1,4)--P--(4,4)--cycle,red); filldraw((4,4)--Pppp--(4,1)--cycle,red); filldraw((1,1)--Ppp--(4,1)--cycle,red); filldraw((1,1)--Pp--(1,4)--cycle,red); [/asy]


We wish to find the area of the square. The area of the larger square is composed of the smaller square and the four red triangles. The red triangles have base $3$ and height $1$, so the combined area of the four triangles is $4 \cdot \frac 32=6$. The area of the smaller square is $9$. We add these to see that the area of the large square is $9+6=\boxed{{\textbf{(C)}}~15}$.

Solution 3

Let us find the area of the triangles and the unit squares: on each side, there are two triangles. They both have one leg of length $1$, and let's label the other legs $x$ for one of the triangles and $y$ for the other. Note that $x + y = 3$. The area of each of the triangles is $\frac{x}{2}$ and $\frac{y}{2}$, and there are $4$ of each. So now we need to find $4\left(\frac{x}{2}\right) + 4\left(\frac{y}{2}\right)$.

$(4)\frac{x}{2} + (4)\frac{y}{2}$ $\Rightarrow~~4\left(\frac{x}{2}+ \frac{y}{2}\right)$ $\Rightarrow~~4\left(\frac{x+y}{2}\right)$ Remember that $x+y=3$, so substituting this in we find that the area of all of the triangles is $4\left(\frac{3}{2}\right) = 6$. The area of the $4$ unit squares is $4$, so the area of the square we need is $25- (4+6) = \boxed{\textbf{(C)}~15}$

See Also

2015 AMC 8 (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
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