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Difference between revisions of "2010 AIME II Problems/Problem 8"

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There are <math>10</math> remaining elements who’s placements have yet to be determined. Note that the actual value of <math>n</math> does not matter; there is always <math>1</math> necessary element, <math>1</math> forbidden element, and <math>10</math> other elements that need to be distributed. There are <math>2</math> places to put each of these elements, for <math>2^10</math> possibilities.
 
There are <math>10</math> remaining elements who’s placements have yet to be determined. Note that the actual value of <math>n</math> does not matter; there is always <math>1</math> necessary element, <math>1</math> forbidden element, and <math>10</math> other elements that need to be distributed. There are <math>2</math> places to put each of these elements, for <math>2^10</math> possibilities.
  
−
However, this ignores the case when <math>n = 6; 6</math> is forced not the be in either set, so we must subtract the <math>\dbinom{10}{5}</math> cases where <math>A</math> and <math>B</math> have size 6.
+
However, this ignores the case when <math>n = 6; 6</math> is forced not the be in either set, so we must subtract the <math>\dbinom{10}{5}</math> cases where <math>A</math> and <math>B</math> have size <math>6</math>.
  
 
Thus, out answer is <math>2^{10} - \dbinom{10}{5} = 1024 - 252 = \boxed{772}</math>
 
Thus, out answer is <math>2^{10} - \dbinom{10}{5} = 1024 - 252 = \boxed{772}</math>

Revision as of 17:07, 29 May 2019

Problem

Let $N$ be the number of ordered pairs of nonempty sets $\mathcal{A}$ and $\mathcal{B}$ that have the following properties:

  • $\mathcal{A} \cup \mathcal{B} = \{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12\}$,
  • $\mathcal{A} \cap \mathcal{B} = \emptyset$,
  • The number of elements of $\mathcal{A}$ is not an element of $\mathcal{A}$,
  • The number of elements of $\mathcal{B}$ is not an element of $\mathcal{B}$.

Find $N$.

Solution

Let us partition the set $\{1,2,\cdots,12\}$ into $n$ numbers in $A$ and $12-n$ numbers in $B$,

Since $n$ must be in $B$ and $12-n$ must be in $A$ ($n\ne6$, we cannot partition into two sets of 6 because $6$ needs to end up somewhere, $n\ne 0$ or $12$ either).

We have $\dbinom{10}{n-1}$ ways of picking the numbers to be in $A$.

So the answer is $\left(\sum_{n=1}^{11} \dbinom{10}{n-1}\right) - \dbinom{10}{5}=2^{10}-252= \boxed{772}$.

Solution 2

Regardless of the size $n$ of $A$ (ignoring the case when $n = 6$), $n$ must not be in $A$ and $12 - n$ must be in $A$.

There are $10$ remaining elements who’s placements have yet to be determined. Note that the actual value of $n$ does not matter; there is always $1$ necessary element, $1$ forbidden element, and $10$ other elements that need to be distributed. There are $2$ places to put each of these elements, for $2^10$ possibilities.

However, this ignores the case when $n = 6; 6$ is forced not the be in either set, so we must subtract the $\dbinom{10}{5}$ cases where $A$ and $B$ have size $6$.

Thus, out answer is $2^{10} - \dbinom{10}{5} = 1024 - 252 = \boxed{772}$

See also

2010 AIME II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 7 		Followed by
Problem 9
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15
All AIME Problems and Solutions

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