Difference between revisions of "2019 AMC 10B Problems/Problem 14"

Revision as of 20:50, 15 February 2019

Problem

The base-ten representation for $19!$ is $121,6T5,100,40M,832,H00$ , where $T$ , $M$ , and $H$ denote digits that are not given. What is $T+M+H$ ?

Solution 1

We can figure out $H = 0$ by noticing that $19!$ will end with $3$ zeroes, as there are three $5$ 's in its prime factorization. Next we use the fact that $19!$ is a multiple of both $11$ and $9$ . Since their divisibility rules gives us that $T + M$ is congruent to $3$ mod $9$ and that $T - M$ is congruent to $7$ mod $11$ . By inspection, we see that $T = 4, M = 8$ is a valid solution. Therefore the answer is $4 + 8 + 0 = 12$ , which is $\boxed{\textbf{(C) }12}$

Solution 2

With investing just a little bit of time, we can manually calculate 19!. If we prime factorize 19!, it becomes $2^{16} \cdot 3^8 \cdot 5^3 \cdot 7^2 \cdot 11 \cdot 13 \cdot 17 \cdot 19$ . This looks complicated, but we can use elimination methods to make it simpler. $2^3 \cdot 5^3 = 1000$ , and $7 \cdot 11 \cdot 13 \cdot = 1001$ . If we put these aside for a moment, we have $2^{13} \cdot 3^8 \cdot 7 \cdot 17 \cdot 19$ left from the original 19!. $2^{13} = 2^{10} \cdot 2^3 = 1024 \cdot 8 = 8192$ , and $3^8 = (3^4)^2 = 81^2 = 6561$ . We have the 2's and 3's out of the way, and then we have $7 \cdot 17 \cdot 19 = 2261$ . Now if we multiply all the values calculated, we get $1000 \cdot 1001 \cdot 8192 \cdot 6561 \cdot 2261 = 121,645,100,408,832,000$ . Thus $T = 4, M = 8, H = 0$ , and the answer $T + M + H = 12$ , thus (C).

Solution 3

We know that $9$ and $11$ are both factors of $19!$ . Furthermore, we know that H is 0 because $19!$ ends in three zeroes. We can simply use the divisibility rules for $9$ and $11$ for this problem to find T and M. For $19!$ to be divisible by $9$ , the sum of digits must be divisible by $9$ . Summing the digits, we get that T + M + $33$ must be divisible by $9$ . This leaves either A or C as our answer choice. Now we test for divisibility by $11$ . For a number to be divisible by eleven, the alternating sum must be divisible by 11(ex. $2728$ , $2$ - $7$ + $2$ - $8$ = -11 so $2728$ is divisible by $11$ ). Applying the alternating sum to this problem, we see that T-M-7 must be divisible by 11. By inspection, we can see that this holds if T is $4$ and M is $8$ . The sum is $8$ + $4$ + $0$ = 12 or (C). -- krishdhar

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 ==Solution 1==
-We can figure out <math>H = 0</math> by noticing that <math>19!</math> will end with <math>3</math> zeroes, as there are three <math>5</math>'s in its prime factorization. Next we use the fact that <math>19!</math> is a multiple of both <math>11</math> and <math>9</math>. Since their divisibility rules gives us that <math>T + M</math> is congruent to <math>3</math> mod <math>9</math> and that <math>T - M</math> is congruent to <math>7</math> mod <math>11</math>. By inspection, we see that <math>T = 4, M = 8</math> is a valid solution. Therefore the answer is <math>4 + 8 + 0 = 12</math>, which is (C).
+We can figure out <math>H = 0</math> by noticing that <math>19!</math> will end with <math>3</math> zeroes, as there are three <math>5</math>'s in its prime factorization. Next we use the fact that <math>19!</math> is a multiple of both <math>11</math> and <math>9</math>. Since their divisibility rules gives us that <math>T + M</math> is congruent to <math>3</math> mod <math>9</math> and that <math>T - M</math> is congruent to <math>7</math> mod <math>11</math>. By inspection, we see that <math>T = 4, M = 8</math> is a valid solution. Therefore the answer is <math>4 + 8 + 0 = 12</math>, which is <math>\boxed{\textbf{(C) }12}</math>
 ==Solution 2==

2019 AMC 10B (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by Problem 13	Followed by Problem 15
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