Difference between revisions of "Isaac Newton"
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==Calculus== | ==Calculus== | ||
| − | Newton compiled [[calculus]] into one subject in 1665 and 1666, some time before [[Gottfried Leibniz]] ( | + | Newton compiled [[calculus]] into one subject in 1665 and 1666, some time before [[Gottfried Leibniz]] (who developed calculus independently some years later) did, but when he submitted his work to the Royal Society of England, it was turned down. Due to controversy over his earlier publications, Newton was understandably reluctant to submit it again, and therefore did not publish his work. Thus, Leibniz published his work first, sparking a dispute between them. It is now clear Newton developed it first, though he made use of rather odd notation. Ironically, Newton earned a knighthood from Queen Anne in 1705 not because of this great discovery, but because of his far lesser work at the Royal Mint of England. |
==Discoveries in Physics== | ==Discoveries in Physics== | ||
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#If an object has [[mass]] <math>m</math> and [[acceleration]] <math>a</math>, then the force which acted upon it is equivalent to <math>ma</math>. This is stated formally as <math>F=ma</math>. | #If an object has [[mass]] <math>m</math> and [[acceleration]] <math>a</math>, then the force which acted upon it is equivalent to <math>ma</math>. This is stated formally as <math>F=ma</math>. | ||
#Every action has an equal and opposite reaction. Formally, if an amount of matter <math>m</math> places a force on matter with the same mass <math>n</math>, then <math>n</math> will put an equivalent force in the opposite direction. | #Every action has an equal and opposite reaction. Formally, if an amount of matter <math>m</math> places a force on matter with the same mass <math>n</math>, then <math>n</math> will put an equivalent force in the opposite direction. | ||
| + | Another contribution similar to his second law is the universal law of gravitation. The formula is given by <math>F=G\frac{m_1m_2}{r^2}</math> where <math>m_1\text{ and }m_2</math> are two point like objects with mass, <math>G</math> is the gravitational constant which is approximately <math>6.67\cdot 10^{-11} \frac{N\cdot m^2}{kg^2}</math>, <math>r</math> being the average distance between them, and <math>F</math> being the force. The units for the gravitational constant is [[kilogram]], [[newton]], and [[meter]]. | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
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*[[Physics]] | *[[Physics]] | ||
| − | + | [[category:Mathematicians]] | |
| − | [[Category:Famous | + | [[Category:Famous mathematicians]] |
Latest revision as of 10:19, 27 September 2024
Isaac Newton (1643 – 1727) was a famous British physicist and mathematician. His most famous work in mathematics was the compilation of calculus.
History
Isaac Newton was born on January 4, 1643 in Lincolnshire, England. Newton was born very shortly after the death of his father. He did very well at his local school, and later attended Trinity College.
Calculus
Newton compiled calculus into one subject in 1665 and 1666, some time before Gottfried Leibniz (who developed calculus independently some years later) did, but when he submitted his work to the Royal Society of England, it was turned down. Due to controversy over his earlier publications, Newton was understandably reluctant to submit it again, and therefore did not publish his work. Thus, Leibniz published his work first, sparking a dispute between them. It is now clear Newton developed it first, though he made use of rather odd notation. Ironically, Newton earned a knighthood from Queen Anne in 1705 not because of this great discovery, but because of his far lesser work at the Royal Mint of England.
Discoveries in Physics
What is arguably Newton's most famous achievement is the formal statement of three basic, almost trivial laws of motion:
- If the net force on any amount of matter is zero, then the object's velocity will not change if viewing from a constant reference point..
- If an object has mass
and acceleration 
, then the force which acted upon it is equivalent to 
. This is stated formally as 
. - Every action has an equal and opposite reaction. Formally, if an amount of matter places a force on matter with the same mass
, then will put an equivalent force in the opposite direction.
and 
, then the force which acted upon it is equivalent to 
. This is stated formally as 
.
, then Another contribution similar to his second law is the universal law of gravitation. The formula is given by 
where 
are two point like objects with mass, 
is the gravitational constant which is approximately 
, 
being the average distance between them, and 
being the force. The units for the gravitational constant is kilogram, newton, and meter.
