Art of Problem Solving
AoPS Online
Math texts, online classes, and more
for students in grades 5-12.
Visit AoPS Online ‚
Books for Grades 5-12 Online Courses
Beast Academy
Engaging math books and online learning
for students ages 6-13.
Visit Beast Academy ‚
Books for Ages 6-13 Beast Academy Online
AoPS Academy
Small live classes for advanced math
and language arts learners in grades 2-12.
Visit AoPS Academy ‚
Find a Physical Campus Visit the Virtual Campus

Difference between revisions of "2016 UNCO Math Contest II Problems/Problem 7"
 
(3 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 5: Line 5:
  
 
== Solution ==
 
== Solution ==
−
First, we perform fractional decomposition on the summed expression.
+
First, we do fraction decomp.
 
Let <cmath>\frac{A}{(n-1)^2}+\frac{B}{(n+1)^2} = \frac{4n}{(n^2-1)^2}</cmath>.
 
Let <cmath>\frac{A}{(n-1)^2}+\frac{B}{(n+1)^2} = \frac{4n}{(n^2-1)^2}</cmath>.
−
Multiplying both sides by <math>(n^2-1)^2</math> and expanding gives <math>(A+B)n^2+2(A-B)n+(A+B)=4n</math>
+
Multiplying both sides by <math>(n^2-1)^2</math> and expanding gives <cmath>(A+B)n^2+2(A-B)n+(A+B)=4n</cmath>
−
Therefore, we have the system of equations <math>\begin{cases} A+B=0\\
+
Therefore, we have the system of equations <cmath>\begin{cases} A+B=0\\
−
A-B=2\end{cases}</math>. Adding the two equations gives <math>2A=2 \implies A=1</math>, while subtracting the two gives <math>2B=-2 \implies B=-1</math>.  
+
A-B=2\end{cases}</cmath>. Adding the two equations gives <math>2A=2 \implies A=1</math>, while subtracting the two gives <math>2B=-2 \implies B=-1</math>.  
  
−
Therefore, <math>\frac{4n}{(n^2-1)^2}=\frac{1}{(n-1)^2}-\frac{1}{(n+1)^2}</math>, so <math>S =\sum_{n=2}^{\infty} \frac{1}{(n-1)^2}-\frac{1}{(n+1)^2}</math> <math>= \sum_{n=2}^{\infty} \frac{1}{(n-1)^2} - \sum_{n=2}^{\infty} \frac{1}{(n+1)^2}</math>  
+
Therefore, <cmath>\frac{4n}{(n^2-1)^2}=\frac{1}{(n-1)^2}-\frac{1}{(n+1)^2}</cmath>, so <cmath>S =\sum_{n=2}^{\infty} \frac{1}{(n-1)^2}-\frac{1}{(n+1)^2}</cmath> <cmath>= \sum_{n=2}^{\infty} \frac{1}{(n-1)^2} - \sum_{n=2}^{\infty} \frac{1}{(n+1)^2}</cmath>
 +
 
 +
Writing out the first few terms and rearranging, we have
 +
<cmath>\frac{1}{1^2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\left(\cancel{\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\cdots } \right)- \left(\cancel{\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\cdots } \right)</cmath>, which telescopes to <math>\frac{1}{1^2}+\frac{1}{2^2} = \boxed{\frac{5}{4}}</math>
 +
-NamelyOrange
  
−
Writing out the first few terms, we have
 
−
<math>\left( \frac{1}{1^2}+\frac{1}{2^2}\cancel{+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\cdots } \right)- \left(\cancel{+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\cdots } \right) = \frac{1}{1^2}+\frac{1}{2^2} = \boxed{\frac{5}{4}}</math>
 
  
 
==Solution 2==
 
==Solution 2==

Latest revision as of 12:16, 9 February 2024

Problem

Evaluate \[S =\sum_{n=2}^{\infty} \frac{4n}{(n^2-1)^2}\]


Solution

First, we do fraction decomp. Let \[\frac{A}{(n-1)^2}+\frac{B}{(n+1)^2} = \frac{4n}{(n^2-1)^2}\]. Multiplying both sides by $(n^2-1)^2$ and expanding gives \[(A+B)n^2+2(A-B)n+(A+B)=4n\] Therefore, we have the system of equations \[\begin{cases} A+B=0\\ A-B=2\end{cases}\]. Adding the two equations gives $2A=2 \implies A=1$, while subtracting the two gives $2B=-2 \implies B=-1$.

Therefore, \[\frac{4n}{(n^2-1)^2}=\frac{1}{(n-1)^2}-\frac{1}{(n+1)^2}\], so \[S =\sum_{n=2}^{\infty} \frac{1}{(n-1)^2}-\frac{1}{(n+1)^2}\] \[= \sum_{n=2}^{\infty} \frac{1}{(n-1)^2} - \sum_{n=2}^{\infty} \frac{1}{(n+1)^2}\]

Writing out the first few terms and rearranging, we have \[\frac{1}{1^2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\left(\cancel{\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\cdots } \right)- \left(\cancel{\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\cdots } \right)\], which telescopes to $\frac{1}{1^2}+\frac{1}{2^2} = \boxed{\frac{5}{4}}$ -NamelyOrange


Solution 2

This is a telescoping series:

(1−1/9)+(1/4−1/16)+(1/9−1/25)+(1/16−1/36)+(1/25−1/49)+...=5/4

See also

2016 UNCO Math Contest II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 6 		Followed by
Problem 8
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10
All UNCO Math Contest Problems and Solutions
Retrieved from "https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php?title=2016_UNCO_Math_Contest_II_Problems/Problem_7&oldid=215096"