Art of Problem Solving
AoPS Online
Math texts, online classes, and more
for students in grades 5-12.
Visit AoPS Online ‚
Books for Grades 5-12 Online Courses
Beast Academy
Engaging math books and online learning
for students ages 6-13.
Visit Beast Academy ‚
Books for Ages 6-13 Beast Academy Online
AoPS Academy
Small live classes for advanced math
and language arts learners in grades 2-12.
Visit AoPS Academy ‚
Find a Physical Campus Visit the Virtual Campus

Difference between revisions of "2001 AIME II Problems/Problem 12"

m
m (removed defective link)
 
(4 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
 
== Problem ==
 
== Problem ==
−
Given a triangle, its midpoint triangle is obtained by joining the midpoints of its sides. A sequence of polyhedra <math>P_{i}</math> is defined recursively as follows: <math>P_{0}</math> is a regular tetrahedron whose volume is 1. To obtain <math>P_{i + 1}</math>, replace the midpoint triangle of every face of <math>P_{i}</math> by an outward-pointing regular tetrahedron that has the midpoint triangle as a face. The volume of <math>P_{3}</math> is <math>\frac {m}{n}</math>, where <math>m</math> and <math>n</math> are relatively prime positive integers. Find <math>m + n</math>.
+
Given a [[triangle]], its [[midpoint]] triangle is obtained by joining the midpoints of its sides. A sequence of [[polyhedra]] <math>P_{i}</math> is defined recursively as follows: <math>P_{0}</math> is a regular [[tetrahedron]] whose volume is 1. To obtain <math>P_{i + 1}</math>, replace the midpoint triangle of every face of <math>P_{i}</math> by an outward-pointing regular tetrahedron that has the midpoint triangle as a face. The [[volume]] of <math>P_{3}</math> is <math>\frac {m}{n}</math>, where <math>m</math> and <math>n</math> are relatively prime positive integers. Find <math>m + n</math>.
  
 
== Solution ==
 
== Solution ==
−
{{solution}}
+
On the first construction, <math>P_1</math>, four new tetrahedra will be constructed with side lengths <math>\frac 12</math> of the original one. Since the ratio of the volume of similar polygons is the cube of the ratio of their corresponding lengths, it follows that each of these new tetrahedra will have volume <math>\left(\frac 12\right)^3 = \frac 18</math>. The total volume added here is then <math>\Delta P_1 = 4 \cdot \frac 18 = \frac 12</math>.
 +
 
 +
We now note that for each midpoint triangle we construct in step <math>P_{i}</math>, there are now <math>6</math> places to construct new midpoint triangles for step <math>P_{i+1}</math>. The outward tetrahedron for the midpoint triangle provides <math>3</math> of the faces, while the three equilateral triangles surrounding the midpoint triangle provide the other <math>3</math>. This is because if you read this question carefully, it asks to add new tetrahedra to each face of <math>P_{i}</math> which also includes the ones that were left over when we did the previous addition of tetrahedra. However, the volume of the tetrahedra being constructed decrease by a factor of <math>\frac 18</math>. Thus we have the recursion <math>\Delta P_{i+1} = \frac{6}{8} \Delta P_i</math>, and so <math>\Delta P_i = \frac 12 \cdot \left(\frac{3}{4}\right)^{i-1} P_1</math>.
 +
 
 +
The volume of <math>P_3 = P_0 + \Delta P_1 + \Delta P_2 + \Delta P_3 = 1 + \frac 12 + \frac 38 + \frac 9{32} = \frac{69}{32}</math>, and <math>m+n=\boxed{101}</math>. Note that the summation was in fact a [[geometric series]].
  
 
== See also ==
 
== See also ==
 +
http://users.math.yale.edu/public_html/People/frame/Fractals/Labs/KochTetra/KochTetraAns3.html
 
{{AIME box|year=2001|n=II|num-b=11|num-a=13}}
 
{{AIME box|year=2001|n=II|num-b=11|num-a=13}}
 +
 +
[[Category:Intermediate Geometry Problems]]
 +
{{MAA Notice}}

Latest revision as of 23:28, 4 June 2020

Problem

Given a triangle, its midpoint triangle is obtained by joining the midpoints of its sides. A sequence of polyhedra $P_{i}$ is defined recursively as follows: $P_{0}$ is a regular tetrahedron whose volume is 1. To obtain $P_{i + 1}$, replace the midpoint triangle of every face of $P_{i}$ by an outward-pointing regular tetrahedron that has the midpoint triangle as a face. The volume of $P_{3}$ is $\frac {m}{n}$, where $m$ and $n$ are relatively prime positive integers. Find $m + n$.

Solution

On the first construction, $P_1$, four new tetrahedra will be constructed with side lengths $\frac 12$ of the original one. Since the ratio of the volume of similar polygons is the cube of the ratio of their corresponding lengths, it follows that each of these new tetrahedra will have volume $\left(\frac 12\right)^3 = \frac 18$. The total volume added here is then $\Delta P_1 = 4 \cdot \frac 18 = \frac 12$.

We now note that for each midpoint triangle we construct in step $P_{i}$, there are now $6$ places to construct new midpoint triangles for step $P_{i+1}$. The outward tetrahedron for the midpoint triangle provides $3$ of the faces, while the three equilateral triangles surrounding the midpoint triangle provide the other $3$. This is because if you read this question carefully, it asks to add new tetrahedra to each face of $P_{i}$ which also includes the ones that were left over when we did the previous addition of tetrahedra. However, the volume of the tetrahedra being constructed decrease by a factor of $\frac 18$. Thus we have the recursion $\Delta P_{i+1} = \frac{6}{8} \Delta P_i$, and so $\Delta P_i = \frac 12 \cdot \left(\frac{3}{4}\right)^{i-1} P_1$.

The volume of $P_3 = P_0 + \Delta P_1 + \Delta P_2 + \Delta P_3 = 1 + \frac 12 + \frac 38 + \frac 9{32} = \frac{69}{32}$, and $m+n=\boxed{101}$. Note that the summation was in fact a geometric series.

See also

http://users.math.yale.edu/public_html/People/frame/Fractals/Labs/KochTetra/KochTetraAns3.html

2001 AIME II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 11 		Followed by
Problem 13
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15
All AIME Problems and Solutions

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions. AMC logo.png

Retrieved from "https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php?title=2001_AIME_II_Problems/Problem_12&oldid=123858"