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Difference between revisions of "2018 AMC 10B Problems/Problem 15"

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{{duplicate|[[2018 AMC 12B Problems|2018 AMC 12B #11]] and [[2018 AMC 10B Problems|2018 AMC 10B #15]]}}
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== Problem ==
 
== Problem ==
  
 
A closed box with a square base is to be wrapped with a square sheet of wrapping paper. The box is centered on the wrapping paper with the vertices of the base lying on the midlines of the square sheet of paper, as shown in the figure on the left. The four corners of the wrapping paper are to be folded up over the sides and brought together to meet at the center of the top of the box, point <math>A</math> in the figure on the right. The box has base length <math>w</math> and height <math>h</math>. What is the area of the sheet of wrapping paper?
 
A closed box with a square base is to be wrapped with a square sheet of wrapping paper. The box is centered on the wrapping paper with the vertices of the base lying on the midlines of the square sheet of paper, as shown in the figure on the left. The four corners of the wrapping paper are to be folded up over the sides and brought together to meet at the center of the top of the box, point <math>A</math> in the figure on the right. The box has base length <math>w</math> and height <math>h</math>. What is the area of the sheet of wrapping paper?
−
<asy>defaultpen(fontsize(10pt));
+
 
 +
<asy> size(270pt);
 +
defaultpen(fontsize(10pt));
 
filldraw(((3,3)--(-3,3)--(-3,-3)--(3,-3)--cycle),lightgrey);
 
filldraw(((3,3)--(-3,3)--(-3,-3)--(3,-3)--cycle),lightgrey);
 
dot((-3,3));
 
dot((-3,3));
Line 25: Line 29:
  
 
==Solution 1==
 
==Solution 1==
−
Consider one-quarter of the image (the wrapping paper is divided up into 4 congruent squares). The length of each dotted line is <math>h</math>. The area of the rectangle that is <math>w</math> by <math>h</math> is <math>wh</math>. The combined figure of the two triangles with base <math>h</math> is a square with <math>h</math> as its diagonal. Using the Pythagorean Theorem, each side of this square is <math>\sqrt{\frac{h^2}{2}}</math>. Thus, the area is the side length squared which is <math>\frac{h^2}{2}</math>. Similarly, the combined figure of the two triangles with base <math>w</math> is a square with area <math>\frac{w^2}{2}</math>. Adding all of these together, we get <math>\frac{w^2}{2} + \frac{h^2}{2} + wh</math>. Since we have four of these areas in the entire wrapping paper, we multiply this by 4, getting <math>4(\frac{w^2}{2} + \frac{h^2}{2} + wh) = 2(w^2 + h^2 + 2wh) = \boxed{\textbf{(A) } 2(w+h)^2} \qquad</math>.
+
Consider one-quarter of the image (the wrapping paper is divided up into <math>4</math> congruent squares). The length of each dotted line is <math>h</math>. The area of the rectangle that is <math>w</math> by <math>h</math> is <math>wh</math>. The combined figure of the two triangles with base <math>h</math> is a square with <math>h</math> as its diagonal. Using the Pythagorean Theorem, each side of this square is <math>\frac{h}{\sqrt2}</math>. Thus, the area is the side length squared which is <math>\frac{h^2}{2}</math>. Similarly, the combined figure of the two triangles with base <math>w</math> is a square with area <math>\frac{w^2}{2}</math>. Adding all of these together, we get <math>\frac{w^2}{2} + \frac{h^2}{2} + wh</math>. Since we have four of these areas in the entire wrapping paper, we multiply this by <math>4</math>, getting <math>4\left(\frac{w^2}{2} + \frac{h^2}{2} + wh\right) = 2\left(w^2 + h^2 + 2wh\right) = \boxed{\textbf{(A) } 2(w+h)^2}</math>.
 +
 
 +
The diagram for this solution is shown below:
 +
<asy>
 +
/* Edited by MRENTHUSIASM */
 +
size(180pt);
 +
defaultpen(fontsize(10pt));
 +
fill(((0,3)--(-3,3)--(-3,0)--(0,0)--cycle),lightgrey);
 +
dot((-3,3));
 +
label("$A$",(-3,3),NW);
 +
draw((-3,0)--(-3,3)--(0,3),linewidth(.5));
 +
draw((0,2)--(-1,3)--(-3,1)--(-2,0),dashed+linewidth(.5));
 +
draw((0,2)--(-2,0),linewidth(.5));
 +
draw((0,3)--(0,0),linetype("2.5 2.5")+linewidth(.5));
 +
draw((0,0)--(-3,0),linetype("2.5 2.5")+linewidth(.5));
 +
label("$w$",(-1,1),NW);
 +
label("$w$",(-2,2),SE);
 +
label("$h$",(-2.5,0.5),NE);
 +
label("$h$",(-0.5,2.5),SW);
 +
label("$\frac{w}{\sqrt{2}}$",(-2,3),N);
 +
label("$\frac{h}{\sqrt{2}}$",(-0.5,3),N);
 +
label("$\frac{h}{\sqrt{2}}$",(0,2.5),E);
 +
label("$\frac{w}{\sqrt{2}}$",(0,1),E);
 +
label("$\frac{w}{\sqrt{2}}$",(-1,0),S);
 +
label("$\frac{h}{\sqrt{2}}$",(-2.5,0),S);
 +
label("$\frac{h}{\sqrt{2}}$",(-3,0.5),W);
 +
label("$\frac{w}{\sqrt{2}}$",(-3,2),W);
 +
label("$wh$",(-1.5,1.5),red);
 +
label("$\frac{w^2}{4}$",centroid((-3,3),(-1,3),(-3,1)),red);
 +
label("$\frac{w^2}{4}$",centroid((0,0),(-2,0),(0,2)),red);
 +
label("$\frac{h^2}{4}$",centroid((-3,0),(-2,0),(-3,1)),red);
 +
label("$\frac{h^2}{4}$",centroid((0,3),(-1,3),(0,2)),red);
 +
</asy>
 +
~Hydroquantum (Solution)
 +
 
 +
~MRENTHUSIASM (Diagram)
  
 
==Solution 2==
 
==Solution 2==
−
The sheet of paper is made out of the surface area of the box plus the sum of the four triangles. The surface area is <math>2w^2 + 2wh + 2wh</math> which equals <math>2w^2 + 4wh</math>.The four triangles each have a height and a base of <math>h</math>, so they each have an area of <math>\frac{h^2}{2}</math>. There are four of them, so multiplied by four is <math>2h^2</math>. Together, paper's area is <math>2w^2 + 4wh + 2h^2</math>. This can be factored and written as <math>\boxed{\textbf{(A) } 2(w+h)^2} \qquad</math>.
+
The sheet of paper is made out of <math>4</math> squares, as shown in the diagram in Solution 1. Each square has a side length of <math>\frac{w}{\sqrt{2}} + \frac{h}{\sqrt{2}}</math>, which we get from the Pythagorean Theorem (a <math>45^\circ\text{-}45^\circ\text{-}90^\circ</math> triangle's legs is the hypotenuse divided by <math>\sqrt2</math>). Thus, to find the area of the entire paper, we square our side length and multiply by <math>4</math>. So, the answer is <math>4\cdot\left(\frac{w}{\sqrt{2}} + \frac{h}{\sqrt{2}}\right)^2 = \boxed{\textbf{(A) } 2(w+h)^2}</math>.
 +
 
 +
~IronicNinja
  
 
==Solution 3==
 
==Solution 3==
−
The sheet of paper is made out of 4 squares. Each square has a side length of <math>\frac{w}{\sqrt{2}} + \frac{h}{\sqrt{2}}</math>, which we get from the pythagorean theorem (a <math>45-45-90</math> triangle's legs is the hypotenuse divided by <math>\sqrt2</math>). Thus, to find the area of the entire paper, we square our side length and multiply by 4. So, <math>4\cdot\left(\frac{w}{\sqrt{2}} + \frac{h}{\sqrt{2}}\right)^2 \Rightarrow 2(w+h)^2</math> which is the answer.
+
The sheet of paper is made out of the surface area of the box plus the sum of the four yellow triangles, as shown below.  
 +
 
 +
<asy>
 +
/* Edited by MRENTHUSIASM */
 +
size(180pt);
 +
defaultpen(fontsize(10pt));
 +
fill(((3,3)--(-3,3)--(-3,-3)--(3,-3)--cycle),lightgrey);
 +
fill((2,0)--(3,1)--(3,-1)--cycle,yellow);
 +
fill((-2,0)--(-3,1)--(-3,-1)--cycle,yellow);
 +
fill((0,2)--(1,3)--(-1,3)--cycle,yellow);
 +
fill((0,-2)--(1,-3)--(-1,-3)--cycle,yellow);
 +
draw(((3,3)--(-3,3)--(-3,-3)--(3,-3)--cycle),linewidth(.5));
 +
dot((-3,3));
 +
label("$A$",(-3,3),NW);
 +
draw((1,3)--(-3,-1),dashed+linewidth(.5));
 +
draw((-1,3)--(3,-1),dashed+linewidth(.5));
 +
draw((-1,-3)--(3,1),dashed+linewidth(.5));
 +
draw((1,-3)--(-3,1),dashed+linewidth(.5));
 +
draw((0,2)--(2,0)--(0,-2)--(-2,0)--cycle,linewidth(.5));
 +
draw((0,3)--(0,-3),linetype("2.5 2.5")+linewidth(.5));
 +
draw((3,0)--(-3,0),linetype("2.5 2.5")+linewidth(.5));
 +
label("$w$",(-1,-1),SW);
 +
label("$w$",(1,-1),SE);
 +
label("$w$",(1,1),NE);
 +
label("$w$",(-1,1),NW);
 +
label("$h$",(2.5,0.5),NW);
 +
label("$h$",(2.5,-0.5),SW);
 +
label("$h$",(-2.5,0.5),NE);
 +
label("$h$",(-2.5,-0.5),SE);
 +
label("$h$",(0.5,2.5),SE);
 +
label("$h$",(-0.5,2.5),SW);
 +
label("$h$",(0.5,-2.5),NE);
 +
label("$h$",(-0.5,-2.5),NW);
 +
</asy>
 +
 
 +
The surface area is <math>2w^2 + 2wh + 2wh</math> which equals <math>2w^2 + 4wh</math>.The four triangles each have a height and a base of <math>h</math>, so they each have an area of <math>\frac{h^2}{2}</math>. There are four of them, so multiplied by four is <math>2h^2</math>. Together, paper's area is <math>2w^2 + 4wh + 2h^2</math>. This can be factored and written as <math>\boxed{\textbf{(A) } 2(w+h)^2} \qquad</math>.
 +
 
 +
~Yee2121 (Solution)
 +
 
 +
~MRENTHUSIASM (Diagram)
 +
 
 +
==Video Solution (HOW TO THINK CRITICALLY!!!)==
 +
https://youtu.be/rw8bFiyXoEg
  
−
Sol by IronicNinja
+
~Education, the Study of Everything
  
 
==See Also==
 
==See Also==

Latest revision as of 23:28, 29 May 2023

The following problem is from both the 2018 AMC 12B #11 and 2018 AMC 10B #15, so both problems redirect to this page.

Problem

A closed box with a square base is to be wrapped with a square sheet of wrapping paper. The box is centered on the wrapping paper with the vertices of the base lying on the midlines of the square sheet of paper, as shown in the figure on the left. The four corners of the wrapping paper are to be folded up over the sides and brought together to meet at the center of the top of the box, point $A$ in the figure on the right. The box has base length $w$ and height $h$. What is the area of the sheet of wrapping paper?

[asy] size(270pt); defaultpen(fontsize(10pt)); filldraw(((3,3)--(-3,3)--(-3,-3)--(3,-3)--cycle),lightgrey); dot((-3,3)); label("$A$",(-3,3),NW); draw((1,3)--(-3,-1),dashed+linewidth(.5)); draw((-1,3)--(3,-1),dashed+linewidth(.5)); draw((-1,-3)--(3,1),dashed+linewidth(.5)); draw((1,-3)--(-3,1),dashed+linewidth(.5)); draw((0,2)--(2,0)--(0,-2)--(-2,0)--cycle,linewidth(.5)); draw((0,3)--(0,-3),linetype("2.5 2.5")+linewidth(.5)); draw((3,0)--(-3,0),linetype("2.5 2.5")+linewidth(.5)); label('$w$',(-1,-1),SW); label('$w$',(1,-1),SE); draw((4.5,0)--(6.5,2)--(8.5,0)--(6.5,-2)--cycle); draw((4.5,0)--(8.5,0)); draw((6.5,2)--(6.5,-2)); label("$A$",(6.5,0),NW); dot((6.5,0)); [/asy]

$\textbf{(A) } 2(w+h)^2 \qquad \textbf{(B) } \frac{(w+h)^2}2 \qquad \textbf{(C) } 2w^2+4wh \qquad \textbf{(D) } 2w^2 \qquad \textbf{(E) } w^2h$

Solution 1

Consider one-quarter of the image (the wrapping paper is divided up into $4$ congruent squares). The length of each dotted line is $h$. The area of the rectangle that is $w$ by $h$ is $wh$. The combined figure of the two triangles with base $h$ is a square with $h$ as its diagonal. Using the Pythagorean Theorem, each side of this square is $\frac{h}{\sqrt2}$. Thus, the area is the side length squared which is $\frac{h^2}{2}$. Similarly, the combined figure of the two triangles with base $w$ is a square with area $\frac{w^2}{2}$. Adding all of these together, we get $\frac{w^2}{2} + \frac{h^2}{2} + wh$. Since we have four of these areas in the entire wrapping paper, we multiply this by $4$, getting $4\left(\frac{w^2}{2} + \frac{h^2}{2} + wh\right) = 2\left(w^2 + h^2 + 2wh\right) = \boxed{\textbf{(A) } 2(w+h)^2}$.

The diagram for this solution is shown below: [asy] /* Edited by MRENTHUSIASM */ size(180pt); defaultpen(fontsize(10pt)); fill(((0,3)--(-3,3)--(-3,0)--(0,0)--cycle),lightgrey); dot((-3,3)); label("$A$",(-3,3),NW); draw((-3,0)--(-3,3)--(0,3),linewidth(.5)); draw((0,2)--(-1,3)--(-3,1)--(-2,0),dashed+linewidth(.5)); draw((0,2)--(-2,0),linewidth(.5)); draw((0,3)--(0,0),linetype("2.5 2.5")+linewidth(.5)); draw((0,0)--(-3,0),linetype("2.5 2.5")+linewidth(.5)); label("$w$",(-1,1),NW); label("$w$",(-2,2),SE); label("$h$",(-2.5,0.5),NE); label("$h$",(-0.5,2.5),SW); label("$\frac{w}{\sqrt{2}}$",(-2,3),N); label("$\frac{h}{\sqrt{2}}$",(-0.5,3),N); label("$\frac{h}{\sqrt{2}}$",(0,2.5),E); label("$\frac{w}{\sqrt{2}}$",(0,1),E); label("$\frac{w}{\sqrt{2}}$",(-1,0),S); label("$\frac{h}{\sqrt{2}}$",(-2.5,0),S); label("$\frac{h}{\sqrt{2}}$",(-3,0.5),W); label("$\frac{w}{\sqrt{2}}$",(-3,2),W); label("$wh$",(-1.5,1.5),red); label("$\frac{w^2}{4}$",centroid((-3,3),(-1,3),(-3,1)),red); label("$\frac{w^2}{4}$",centroid((0,0),(-2,0),(0,2)),red); label("$\frac{h^2}{4}$",centroid((-3,0),(-2,0),(-3,1)),red); label("$\frac{h^2}{4}$",centroid((0,3),(-1,3),(0,2)),red); [/asy] ~Hydroquantum (Solution)

~MRENTHUSIASM (Diagram)

Solution 2

The sheet of paper is made out of $4$ squares, as shown in the diagram in Solution 1. Each square has a side length of $\frac{w}{\sqrt{2}} + \frac{h}{\sqrt{2}}$, which we get from the Pythagorean Theorem (a $45^\circ\text{-}45^\circ\text{-}90^\circ$ triangle's legs is the hypotenuse divided by $\sqrt2$). Thus, to find the area of the entire paper, we square our side length and multiply by $4$. So, the answer is $4\cdot\left(\frac{w}{\sqrt{2}} + \frac{h}{\sqrt{2}}\right)^2 = \boxed{\textbf{(A) } 2(w+h)^2}$.

~IronicNinja

Solution 3

The sheet of paper is made out of the surface area of the box plus the sum of the four yellow triangles, as shown below.

[asy] /* Edited by MRENTHUSIASM */ size(180pt); defaultpen(fontsize(10pt)); fill(((3,3)--(-3,3)--(-3,-3)--(3,-3)--cycle),lightgrey); fill((2,0)--(3,1)--(3,-1)--cycle,yellow); fill((-2,0)--(-3,1)--(-3,-1)--cycle,yellow); fill((0,2)--(1,3)--(-1,3)--cycle,yellow); fill((0,-2)--(1,-3)--(-1,-3)--cycle,yellow); draw(((3,3)--(-3,3)--(-3,-3)--(3,-3)--cycle),linewidth(.5)); dot((-3,3)); label("$A$",(-3,3),NW); draw((1,3)--(-3,-1),dashed+linewidth(.5)); draw((-1,3)--(3,-1),dashed+linewidth(.5)); draw((-1,-3)--(3,1),dashed+linewidth(.5)); draw((1,-3)--(-3,1),dashed+linewidth(.5)); draw((0,2)--(2,0)--(0,-2)--(-2,0)--cycle,linewidth(.5)); draw((0,3)--(0,-3),linetype("2.5 2.5")+linewidth(.5)); draw((3,0)--(-3,0),linetype("2.5 2.5")+linewidth(.5)); label("$w$",(-1,-1),SW); label("$w$",(1,-1),SE); label("$w$",(1,1),NE); label("$w$",(-1,1),NW); label("$h$",(2.5,0.5),NW); label("$h$",(2.5,-0.5),SW); label("$h$",(-2.5,0.5),NE); label("$h$",(-2.5,-0.5),SE); label("$h$",(0.5,2.5),SE); label("$h$",(-0.5,2.5),SW); label("$h$",(0.5,-2.5),NE); label("$h$",(-0.5,-2.5),NW); [/asy]

The surface area is $2w^2 + 2wh + 2wh$ which equals $2w^2 + 4wh$.The four triangles each have a height and a base of $h$, so they each have an area of $\frac{h^2}{2}$. There are four of them, so multiplied by four is $2h^2$. Together, paper's area is $2w^2 + 4wh + 2h^2$. This can be factored and written as $\boxed{\textbf{(A) } 2(w+h)^2} \qquad$.

~Yee2121 (Solution)

~MRENTHUSIASM (Diagram)

Video Solution (HOW TO THINK CRITICALLY!!!)

https://youtu.be/rw8bFiyXoEg

~Education, the Study of Everything

See Also

2018 AMC 10B (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 14 		Followed by
Problem 16
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25
All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions
2018 AMC 12B (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
Problem 10 		Followed by
Problem 12
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25
All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions. AMC logo.png

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