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Difference between revisions of "2017 AIME II Problems/Problem 1"
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==Solution 1==
 
==Solution 1==
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The number of subsets of a set with <math>n</math> elements is <math>2^n</math>. The total number of subsets of <math>\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8\}</math> is equal to <math>2^8</math>. The number of sets that are subsets of at least one of <math>\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5\}</math> or <math>\{4, 5, 6, 7, 8\}</math> can be found using complimentary counting. There are <math>2^5</math> subsets of <math>\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5\}</math> and <math>2^5</math> subsets of <math>\{4, 5, 6, 7, 8\}</math>. It is easy to make the mistake of assuming there are <math>2^5+2^5</math> sets that are subsets of at least one of <math>\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5\}</math> or <math>\{4, 5, 6, 7, 8\}</math>, but the <math>2^2</math> subsets of <math>\{4, 5\}</math> are overcounted. There are <math>2^5+2^5-2^2</math> sets that are subsets of at least one of <math>\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5\}</math> or <math>\{4, 5, 6, 7, 8\}</math>, so there are <math>2^8-(2^5+2^5-2^2)</math> subsets of <math>\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8\}</math> that are subsets of neither <math>\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5\}</math> nor <math>\{4, 5, 6, 7, 8\}</math>. <math>2^8-(2^5+2^5-2^2)=\boxed{196}</math>.
+
The number of subsets of a set with <math>n</math> elements is <math>2^n</math>. The total number of subsets of <math>\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8\}</math> is equal to <math>2^8</math>. The number of sets that are subsets of at least one of <math>\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5\}</math> or <math>\{4, 5, 6, 7, 8\}</math> can be found using complementary counting. There are <math>2^5</math> subsets of <math>\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5\}</math> and <math>2^5</math> subsets of <math>\{4, 5, 6, 7, 8\}</math>. It is easy to make the mistake of assuming there are <math>2^5+2^5</math> sets that are subsets of at least one of <math>\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5\}</math> or <math>\{4, 5, 6, 7, 8\}</math>, but the <math>2^2</math> subsets of <math>\{4, 5\}</math> are overcounted. There are <math>2^5+2^5-2^2</math> sets that are subsets of at least one of <math>\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5\}</math> or <math>\{4, 5, 6, 7, 8\}</math>, so there are <math>2^8-(2^5+2^5-2^2)</math> subsets of <math>\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8\}</math> that are subsets of neither <math>\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5\}</math> nor <math>\{4, 5, 6, 7, 8\}</math>. <math>2^8-(2^5+2^5-2^2)=\boxed{196}</math>.
  
 
==Solution 2==  
 
==Solution 2==  

Revision as of 13:51, 17 February 2018

Problem

Find the number of subsets of $\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8\}$ that are subsets of neither $\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5\}$ nor $\{4, 5, 6, 7, 8\}$.

Solution 1

The number of subsets of a set with $n$ elements is $2^n$. The total number of subsets of $\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8\}$ is equal to $2^8$. The number of sets that are subsets of at least one of $\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5\}$ or $\{4, 5, 6, 7, 8\}$ can be found using complementary counting. There are $2^5$ subsets of $\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5\}$ and $2^5$ subsets of $\{4, 5, 6, 7, 8\}$. It is easy to make the mistake of assuming there are $2^5+2^5$ sets that are subsets of at least one of $\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5\}$ or $\{4, 5, 6, 7, 8\}$, but the $2^2$ subsets of $\{4, 5\}$ are overcounted. There are $2^5+2^5-2^2$ sets that are subsets of at least one of $\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5\}$ or $\{4, 5, 6, 7, 8\}$, so there are $2^8-(2^5+2^5-2^2)$ subsets of $\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8\}$ that are subsets of neither $\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5\}$ nor $\{4, 5, 6, 7, 8\}$. $2^8-(2^5+2^5-2^2)=\boxed{196}$.

Solution 2

Upon inspection, a viable set must contain at least one element from both of the sets $\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5\}$ and $\{4, 5, 6, 7, 8\}$. Since 4 and 5 are included in both of these sets, then they basically don't matter, i.e. if set A is a subset of both of those two then adding a 4 or a 5 won't change that fact. Thus, we can count the number of ways to choose at least one number from 1 to 3 and at least one number from 6 to 8, and then multiply that by the number of ways to add in 4 and 5. The number of subsets of a 3 element set is $2^3=8$, but we want to exclude the empty set, giving us 7 ways to choose from $\{1, 2, 3\}$ or $\{4, 5, 6\}$. We can take each of these $7 \times 7=49$ sets and add in a 4 and/or a 5, which can be done in 4 different ways (by adding both, none, one, or the other one). Thus, the answer is $49 \times 4=\boxed{196}$.

Solution 3

The set of all subsets of $\{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8\}$ that are disjoint with respect to $\{4,5\}$ and are not disjoint with respect to the complements of sets (and therefore not a subset of) $\{1,2,3,4,5\}$ and $\{4,5,6,7,8\}$ will be named $S$, which has $7\cdot7=49$ members. The union of each member in $S$ and the $2^2=4$ subsets of $\{4,5\}$ will be the members of set $Z$, which has $49\cdot4=\boxed{196}$ members. $\blacksquare$

Solution by a1b2

See Also

2017 AIME II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources)
Preceded by
First Problem 		Followed by
Problem 2
1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15
All AIME Problems and Solutions

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