Difference between revisions of "2009 AMC 10B Problems/Problem 25"
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| − | {{duplicate|[[2009 AMC | + | {{duplicate|[[2009 AMC 10B Problems|2009 AMC 10B #25]] and [[2009 AMC 12B Problems|2009 AMC 12B #17]]}} |
== Problem == | == Problem == | ||
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== Solution == | == Solution == | ||
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| + | === Solution 1 === | ||
| + | There are two possible stripe orientations for each of the six faces of the cube, so there are <math>2^6 = 64</math> possible stripe combinations. There are three pairs of parallel faces so, if there is an encircling stripe, then the pair of faces that does not contribute uniquely determines the stripe orientation for the remaining faces. In addition, the stripe on each face that does not contribute may be oriented in either of two different ways. So a total of <math>3 \cdot 2 \cdot 2 = 12</math> stripe combinations on the cube result in a continuous stripe around the cube. The required probability is <math>\frac {12}{64} = \boxed{\frac {3}{16}}</math>. | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Solution 2 === | ||
| + | Without loss of generality, orient the cube so that the stripe on the top face goes from front to back. There are two mutually exclusive ways for there to be an encircling stripe: either the front, bottom and back faces are painted to complete an encircling stripe with the top face's stripe or the front, right, back and left faces are painted to form an encircling stripe. The probability of the first case is <math>\left(\frac 12\right)^3 = \frac 18</math>, and the probability of the second case is <math>\left(\frac 12\right)^4 = \frac {1}{16}</math>. The cases are disjoint, so the probabilities sum to <math>\frac 18 + \frac {1}{16} = \boxed {\frac {3}{16}}</math>. | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Solution 3 === | ||
| + | There are three possible orientations of an encircling stripe. For any one of these to appear, the stripes on the four faces through which the continuous stripe is to pass must be properly aligned. The probability of each such stripe alignment is <math>\left(\frac 12\right)^4 = \frac {1}{16}</math>. Since there are three such possibilities and they are disjoint, the total probability is <math>3 \cdot \frac {1}{16} = \boxed{\frac {3}{16}}</math>. The answer is <math>\mathrm{(B)}</math>. | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Solution 4 === | ||
| + | Consider a vertex on the cube and the three faces that are adjacent to that vertex. If no two stripes on those three faces are aligned, then there is no stripe encircling the cube. The probability that the stripes aren't aligned is <math>\frac{1}{4}</math>, since for each alignment of one stripe, there is one and only one way to align the other two stripes out of four total possibilities. therefore there is a probability of <math>\frac{3}{4}</math> that two stripes are aligned. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Now consider the opposing vertex and the three sides adjacent to it. Given the two connected stripes next to our first vertex, we have two more that must be connected to make a continuous stripe. There is a probability of <math>\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=\frac{1}{4}</math> that they are aligned, so there is a probability of <math>\frac{3}{4}\cdot \frac{1}{4}=\boxed{\frac {3}{16}}</math> that there is a continuous stripe. | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | === Solution 5 === | ||
| + | Each face has two possible stripes, so there are <math>2^6=64</math> ways in total. | ||
| + | |||
| + | We need to choose <math>2</math> opposite faces to leave out. Since the second is fixed once we pick the first face, we only need to calculate <math>\binom{3}{1}=3</math> orientations. Next, the two faces also each have 2 orientations, since they don't matter to the stripe. Therefore there are <math>3\cdot2\cdot2=12</math> ways. The probability is <math>\frac{12}{64}=\frac{3}{16} \Longrightarrow \boxed{\textbf{(B) } \frac{3}{16}}</math>. | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ~JH. L | ||
| + | |||
| + | == See also == | ||
| + | {{AMC10 box|year=2009|ab=B|num-b=24|after=Last question}} | ||
{{AMC12 box|year=2009|ab=B|num-b=16|num-a=18}} | {{AMC12 box|year=2009|ab=B|num-b=16|num-a=18}} | ||
| − | {{ | + | {{MAA Notice}} |
Latest revision as of 03:52, 2 July 2022
- The following problem is from both the 2009 AMC 10B #25 and 2009 AMC 12B #17, so both problems redirect to this page.
Contents
Problem
Each face of a cube is given a single narrow stripe painted from the center of one edge to the center of the opposite edge. The choice of the edge pairing is made at random and independently for each face. What is the probability that there is a continuous stripe encircling the cube?
Solution
Solution 1
There are two possible stripe orientations for each of the six faces of the cube, so there are 
possible stripe combinations. There are three pairs of parallel faces so, if there is an encircling stripe, then the pair of faces that does not contribute uniquely determines the stripe orientation for the remaining faces. In addition, the stripe on each face that does not contribute may be oriented in either of two different ways. So a total of 
stripe combinations on the cube result in a continuous stripe around the cube. The required probability is 
.
Solution 2
Without loss of generality, orient the cube so that the stripe on the top face goes from front to back. There are two mutually exclusive ways for there to be an encircling stripe: either the front, bottom and back faces are painted to complete an encircling stripe with the top face's stripe or the front, right, back and left faces are painted to form an encircling stripe. The probability of the first case is 
, and the probability of the second case is 
. The cases are disjoint, so the probabilities sum to 
.
Solution 3
There are three possible orientations of an encircling stripe. For any one of these to appear, the stripes on the four faces through which the continuous stripe is to pass must be properly aligned. The probability of each such stripe alignment is . Since there are three such possibilities and they are disjoint, the total probability is 
. The answer is 
.
Solution 4
Consider a vertex on the cube and the three faces that are adjacent to that vertex. If no two stripes on those three faces are aligned, then there is no stripe encircling the cube. The probability that the stripes aren't aligned is 
, since for each alignment of one stripe, there is one and only one way to align the other two stripes out of four total possibilities. therefore there is a probability of 
that two stripes are aligned.
Now consider the opposing vertex and the three sides adjacent to it. Given the two connected stripes next to our first vertex, we have two more that must be connected to make a continuous stripe. There is a probability of 
that they are aligned, so there is a probability of 
that there is a continuous stripe.
Solution 5
Each face has two possible stripes, so there are 
ways in total.
We need to choose 
opposite faces to leave out. Since the second is fixed once we pick the first face, we only need to calculate 
orientations. Next, the two faces also each have 2 orientations, since they don't matter to the stripe. Therefore there are 
ways. The probability is 
.
~JH. L
See also
| 2009 AMC 10B (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | ||
| Preceded by Problem 24 |
Followed by Last question | |
| 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25 | ||
| All AMC 10 Problems and Solutions | ||
| 2009 AMC 12B (Problems • Answer Key • Resources) | |
| Preceded by Problem 16 |
Followed by Problem 18 |
| 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25 | |
| All AMC 12 Problems and Solutions | |
The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America's American Mathematics Competitions. 
