Median of a triangle

A median of a triangle is a cevian of the triangle that joins one vertex to the midpoint of the opposite side.

In the following figure, $AM$ is a median of triangle $ABC$ .

$[asy] import markers; pair A, B, C, M; A = (1, 2); B = (0, 0); C = (3, 0); M = (midpoint(B--C)); draw(A--B--C--cycle); draw(A--M); draw(B--M, StickIntervalMarker(1)); draw(C--M, StickIntervalMarker(1)); label("$A$", A, N); label("$B$", B, W); label("$C$", C, E); label("$M$", M, S); [/asy]$

Each triangle has $3$ medians. The medians are concurrent at the centroid. The centroid divides the medians (segments) in a $2:1$ ratio.

Stewart's Theorem applied to the case $m=n$ , gives the length of the median to side $BC$ equal to

$\frac 12 \sqrt{2AB^2+2AC^2-BC^2}$

This formula is particularly useful when $\angle CAB$ is right, as by the Pythagorean Theorem we find that $BM=AM=CM$ . This occurs when $M$ is the circumcenter of $\triangle ABC.$

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Median of a triangle

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